- 8 -
- 9 -
On-site survey
The Traditional materials :
Endangered adhesives
in Southeast Asia
Jia YU, Yongjae CHUNG
Seonhye JEONG, Ikgyun IM, Songe YOU
Dept. of Heritage Conservation and Restoration
Graduate School of Cultural Heritage
- 10 -
• A Words that are used to bond two objects together.
• It appear in a form of liquid at first. But when it is dried, the adhesion become stiff and strong.
Natural
adhesive
Animal adhesive (Glue)
Plant adhesive (Starch)
Resin adhesive (Lacquer)
Resin adhesive (Bitumen, Tar)
4
- 11 -
pigment
wood
media
(adhesive)
5
• A material are used when attaching metal, wood, etc.
After scarring the lacquer skin and liquid resin can be obtained.
• From past to present, it has been regarded as a valuable material
in Asia and has been used in paint, adhesive, reinforcing agent.
Lacquer used as adhesive material for large earthenware
Animal glue and lacquer used in wood
Characterization of Asian and European Lacquers
Historical map of regions in Asia where lacquer-producing trees grow
© Getty Conservation Institute
6
- 12 -
Chemical structure of urushiol
Chemical structure of animal glue
Unconsolidated
Adhesive, Paint,
Lacquer
Low Humidity
High Humidity
High Temperature
Low Temperature
Decay
Painting layer,
Adhesive
Animal
Glue
Lacquer
7
(Relatively) High Temperature and Humidity
(Relatively) Low Temperature and Humidity
Animal Glue
Lacquer
8
- 13 -
We Create
a analysis database
for natural materials
in Asia
We survey countries and interview with local
people. We collect and archive natural
materials used in local sites. Also we
scientifically analyze natural materials to
make a database.
To get
information,
interview
with local
people
Interview
Investigation
of city,
country, and
materials
Survey
Archive and
collection of
samples
Collection
Scientific data
analysis of
samples for
DB
Analysis
9
- 14 -
Town of Luang Prabang
Criterion (ii) Luang Prabang reflects the exceptional
fusion of Lao traditional architecture and 19th and
20th century European colonial style buildings.
Criterion (iv) Luang Prabang is an outstanding
example of an architectural ensemble built over the
centuries combining sophisticated architecture of
religious buildings, vernacular constructions and
colonial buildings.
Criterion (v) The unique townscape of Luang
Prabang is remarkably well preserved, illustrating a
key stage combination of two distinct cultural
traditions.
© UNESCO / Author : Francesco Bandarin
Registration Year
1995
Registered Sector
Town of Luang Prabang
Historical Function
Politics (Royal capital)
Administrative Status
Chief city of the province of
Luang Prabang
Regional Secretariat
ASIA-PACIFIC
11
Preservation, restoration, monitoring, etc. of towns and buildings
In particular, the education for understanding residents of Old Town and the
support of traditional village events.
12
- 15 -
preferentially
13
Residents of Old Town are being trained on the meaning of UNESCO and the necessity for
preservation. Monks and craftsmen are being trained to hand down traditional materials and
techniques. There is an organization that educates the manufacture and preservation of Buddha
statues, weaving of fabrics, and dyeing techniques, which are open to tourists.
14
- 16 -
Prof. Thaviphone Phengsavat (Traditional of fine arts college Luang Prabang Laos)
Interview | 2018. 8. 17 | Luang Prabang, Laos
He is a professor of the Traditional of fine arts college Luang Prabang Laosand and teaches traditional woodcraft
and painting. The arts school in Laos is located in four major cities (Vientiane, Luang Prabang, Pakse, savannakhet).
In the past, they used glue made from boiled cowhide (about 40 to 45 years ago). Because it was considered to be harder than
cement, they mixed wood, stone, and glue to use as finishing material for the exterior wall of a building or stone pagoda. It
is also used by fermenting leaves in a jar and mixing them with sticky stone powder.
The plant adhesive was used to attach signboards, etc. before the synthetic adhesive was introduced. However, since the strength
of adhesive is not good, it was used as attaching it again when it fell during rain.
The Cultural Heritage Administration recommends traditional methods, but it takes a lot of money and time to make artifacts
and to repair them traditionally.
15
Prof. Thaviphone Phengsavat (Traditional of fine arts college Luang Prabang Laos)
Interview | 2018. 8. 17 | Luang Prabang, Laos
- KEEKANG(A lump of resin) : The resin of wood are gathered and shaped, and roasted on a large pan to make a lump.
When it is heated, it melts. And when the temperature falls, it hardens again.
It is used as an adhesive when hardly fixing the metal blade and the wooden handle like a hoe.
- KEESEE(A powder of pine resin) : It is made from pine trees around March to April, mainly oil are mixed together.
When making ship, it is applied on wood surface to be used as finishing material for waterproof treatment.
- LACQUER : The trees that can sap lacquer are less distributed in Laos and about 3 hours away from Luang Prabang.
In the past, there were people who specialize in saping, but now there are few, mainly it is imported from Thailand and
Japan. Since Laos has mainly made leaves by weaving them, there are few wooden and porcelain bowls. Making crafts
using lacquer is mainly used for religious purposes. In the lunar New Year or on every festival, lacquer is usually used
in a bowl for the monks at the temple. Also, lacquer was used to attach gold leaf to a Buddha statues, but since the
collected amount of lacquer is very less, it is mainly used to paint. It is mixed with ashes, puts the pattern into the
carved frame, pulls it out, and attaches it to the Buddha statues. Wood powder is not used traditionally because it is
weak in water.
16
- 17 -
Wat Xieng Thong Temple
1) History and architecture
Wat Xieng Thong was built 1559-1560 by the Lao King Setthathirath near where
the Mekong and Nam Khan rivers join. Until 1975 the wat was a royal temple under
the patronage of the royal family and the Lao kings were crowned in the wat.
The wat is considered as representing typical Laos art and craft. The building of the
wat have carved gilded wooden doors depicting scenes from Buddha's life.
A number of restorations have taken place in the 20th century, including a notable
one in which the French participated. In 1928, when the French Governor General
visited Luang Prabang, the King Sisavangvong successfully demanded that the
French share in the cost of restoration. Major projects took place in the 1950s and
1960s, when the funerary carriage house was built, and especially in more recent
times to repair the damage brought by years of damage from wars and neglect.
2) Survey of materials and techniques
The main hall, where the mural decoration “Tree of life” is located, is decorated
with glass mosaic on the outside and plated with plating decorations on the inside.
The interior decoration technique was confirmed through visual observation. The
plating of the decorative area was shaped using mortar and painted on the surface.
The gold colored part of the outer layer appears to be painted red in the lower layer
to improve the color of gold.
In addition, stencil technique was used for patterns using gold color on the black
background layer. The stencil is a technique to print or decorate the shape with ink
or dye using a cut out pattern or a picture, and it seems to be decorated with a gold
gild on the pattern. This technique was restored by the same US team who
participated in restoration of main hall from 2011 to 2014.
17
18
- 18 -
Through on-site survey,
We investigated the status of natural materials in Luang Prabang.
Collected traditional materials in Laos.
Confirmed efforts to conserve Town of Luang Prabang.
We will present the analysis results of collected samples,
20
- 19 -
2018
2019
2020
2021
Natural adhesive and
conservation material
(Luang Prabang, Laos)
Collecting of
analysis data
(Xian, China)
Natural adhesive
and Varnish
(Bagan, Myanmar)
Animal glue, Fish glue
(Ulan Bator, Mongolia)
Construction of
database
Collecting of Animal
glue and analysis data
(Kyoto, Japan)
Construction of
database
PLANT
MATERIALS
ANIMAL
MATERIALS
21
- 20 -
Traditional Textiles : Uzbekistan’s IKAT
2018 UNESCO Chair program : Field Survey of Traditional Methods and Techniques
Sim Yeon Ok 〮 Lee Sun Yong 〮 Shin So Hee 〮 Park Geun Il
Korea National University of Cultural Heritage
General Graduate School
Dept. of Traditional Arts and Crafts
Traditional Clothing & Textile Major
Background
▪
IKAT is the textile weaved with a weft threads dyed a pattern with tieing technique
▪
IKAT is the traditional textile used in Central Asia and South-East Asian region
IKAT
IKAT market
- 21 -
Background
▪
The ancient record, Johaju(朝霞紬) which is assumed to IKAT is founded is Samguksagi(三國史記)
However the technique is discontinued, therefore it requires a effort to reproduce and pass
down of the technique
▪
In 2017, “Margilan Crafts Development Centre, safeguarding of the Adras and Atlas making
traditional technologies” of Uzbekistan is designated on the Register of Good Safeguarding
Practices by UNESCO
MCDC Front door nameplate
Johaju(朝霞紬) from Samguksagi(三國史記)
Summary
Atlas Bayrami festival and interview
Atlas Bayrami
▪
Object : Uzbekistan IKAT Textiles(Adras, Atlas)
▪
Date : 12th. Sep. 2018 ~ 21th. Sep. 2018
Atlas Bayrami (2018. 09. 11 ~ 2018. 09. 15)
- 22 -
▪
Cooperation : Culture Department at the National Commission of Uzbekistan for UNESCO
Margilan Craft Development Center(MCDC)
▪
Subject : Korea National University of Cultural Heritage, General Graduate School
Dept. of Traditional Arts and Crafts, Traditional Clothing & Textile Major
Prof. Sim Yeon Ok
Summary
Margilan
Region of survey
- 23 -
19-20C Uzbekistan IKAT photo
The types and history of traditional IKAT
Traditional weaving techniques of IKAT making
Transmission and application of traditional IKAT
Object
- 24 -
▪
The management and preservation of traditional IKAT techniques with MCDC as the center
MCDC(Margilan Crafts Development Centre)
The types and history of traditional IKAT
▪
Types of IKAT
Adras
: Plain
Atras
: Satin
Bachmal : Cut Pile
The types and history of traditional IKAT
▪
Education and transmission of IKAT traditional technique by master system
- Management of MCDC : Rasuljon Mirjazmedof, IKAT master
- Implementation of education and managing of IKAT techniques in in Margilan
- Traditional techniques of IKAT is passed down with apprenticeship education
- Approximately 60% of Margilan population is working in IKAT industry
IKAT Master, Rasuljon Mirjazmedof
Master’s family tree
- 25 -
Traditional weaving techniques of IKAT making
▪
Demonstration of IKAT master, interview and taking a photo
▪
Research of equipment, process, material of IKAT making
IKAT Master interview
IKAT Studio in House
Uzbekistan IKAT weaving process
Dyeing
Filature
Weaving
Winding
Warping
Finishing
- 26 -
Pattern dyeing process
Non-
Weaved
Part
Weaved
Part
Dyeing
Pattern matching, after thread dyeing
Thread dyeing
IKAT loom
- 27 -
Present condition for passing down and promoting of traditional crafts
▪
Research of IKAT market and festival, Atlas Bayrami
▪
History and culture of IKAT is preserved in Margilan more than other regions
▪
IKAT is normally used in Margilan
IKAT dress in Margilan
Margilan market
▪
The effort of passing down for traditional technique of IKAT
▪
Connecting with the school education system for transmission of traditional IKAT technique
▪
Traditional techniques is passed down with the apprentice education system
Unification of IKAT system with MCDC as the center
Present condition for passing down and promoting of traditional crafts
- 28 -
Diverse project is performed with using IKAT in home and abroad
A continuous policy and support in a support of government
A Continuous development and protection for traditional techniques
To promote in a domestic
To promote a interest of abroad
Present condition for passing down and promoting of traditional crafts
Fashion show
Exhibition
Gala show
2018 UNESCO Chair program : Field Survey of Traditional Methods and Techniques
Korea National University of Cultural Heritage
General Graduate School
Dept. of Traditional Arts and Crafts
Traditional Clothing & Textile Major
- 29 -
Songyue Pagoda(520)
Great Stupa at Sanchi(3rd-1st BCE)
Ziggurat of Ur(BC 2100)
- 30 -
Khmer Empire
•
It existed for 9-15 centuries including Angkor dynasty.
•
The capital was Angkor, which is located in Siem Reap, Cambodia.
Khmer Culture
•
Khmer culture evolved largely from that of the Indian sub-
continent, from which it soon became clearly distinct as it
developed its own special characteristics, some independently
evolved and others acquired from neighboring cultural traditions.
•
The result was a new artistic horizon in oriental art and
architecture.
•
Angkor was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage in 1992.
Map of Southeast Asia 900 CE;
Khmer Empire in red
Sambor Prei Kuk
(610-650)
Prei Kmeng
(635-700)
Kampong Preah
(700-800)
Kulen
(825-875)
Preah Ko
(877-886)
Bakheng
(889-923)
Koh Ker
(921-944)
Pre Rup
(944-968)
Oc-Eo
Sambor Prei Kuk
- 31 -
The Khmer brick architecture can be divided into depending on the expansion of interior space and
the development of opening reinforcement method.
- 32 -
Mean size of ancient bricks: around 300 x 150 x 70mm
Brick Bonding Method
- Polishing masonry: Rub bricks to put the contact faces together closely without using a masonry joint.
- Mortar masonry: Lay bricks by using mortar, which was made by mixing slaked lime and wood resin.
▶
A brickwork method: Lay bricks by using wedge bricks, lay bricks after making it flat, brick carving skill
for matching brick
(PARK Donghee, 2015)
Brick masonry pattern
•
Header bond
•
Stretcher bond 1 + Header bond 2
•
Stretcher bond
•
English bond
•
Leid on end
Brick finish
•
Plaster
•
Plaster on it after surfacing it
•
Coloring
- 33 -
Plaster
Plaster on it after surfacing it
Brick Size: about 280 x 140 x 60 mm
Brick types: Rectangular, square, and curved bricks
Brick masonry pattern : Stretcher bond 1 + Header bond 1, Stretcher bond, header bond and
Mix brick and stone
Brick finish: Only trace of coloring was found. There was no separate finishing such as plaster, it
used patterned bricks instead. Moreover, it used roof tiles on the roof-top to protect the roof-
top from rainfalls.
안동 임하사
전탑지 곡면전
운흥동
5층전탑 옥개부 기와와 석전혼용
울산 중산리사지 전탑
(上)과 청도 불령사 전탑의 문양전(下)
- 34 -
XRD
TG-DTA
벽돌 단면 현미경 관찰
- 35 -
- 36 -
- 37 -
- 38 -
- 39 -
CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION
PRINCIPLES IN ANGKOR PARK
By Mr. SY Basith ( Engineer)
APSARA AUTHORITY
OCTOBER 2018
CONTENT:
I. INTRODUCTION
II. ICC ANGKOR
III. ANGKOR CHARTER
1.Principles of Angkor Charter
2.Organization of the project
IV. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION BETWEEN
APSARA AUTHORITHY AND KCHF
V. CONCLUSION
2
- 40 -
I.INTRODUCTION
3
Area 181 ,035 km2
Population 15,957,223 (2016)
Capital Phnom Penh
Angkor Park : Siem Reap
Province ,surface 401km2,
91 temples
Image: D. Evans
ANGKOR WORLD HERITAGE SITE
December 14, 1992: Inclusion of Angkor on World Heritage list in Danger
June/July, 2004: Angkor taken off the list of World Heritage in Danger and put on the
World Heritage list.
- 41 -
II.ICC ANGKOR
• ICC-Angkor (International Coordinating Committee for the
Safeguarding and Development of the Historic Site of Angkor)
• Setting up in 1993 following the condition The World
Heritage Committee ask the Royal Government of Cambodia
to completed some conditions as below
1- Enact adequate protective legislation(law on protection of
national cultural heritage)
2- Establish an adequately staffed national protection
agency ( create Apsara Authority )
3- Establish permanent boundaries based on the UNDP
project
4- Define meaningful buffer zones (Plan Zones)
5-Establish monitoring and coordination of the
internationally conservation effort (ICC Angkor)
5
• ICC Angkor create to protect ,preserve and
develop the vas cultural heritage site of
Angkor .
• Committee holds 2 meeting each year one a
technical session ,the other plenary by co-
chair Japan and France ,while UNESCO
provides the service of secretariat and
covers all costs related to the mission of the
ad hoc expert group for conservation
• ICC-Angkor members : Germany,
Australia,Belgium, Brunei ,Cambodia,
Canada,Denmark,Egypt, Spain , USA ,Russia ,
France, Grecce, Hungry ,India, Indonesia,
Italy, Japan ,Laos, Luxemburg ,Malaysia,
Mexico, Norway, New zerland ,Netherlands,
,Korea republic, China, Singapore, Srilanka,
Sweden , Thailand, Tunesia, Viet Nam ,EU,
ADB , IMF, FAO, ICCROM,ICOMOS, UNESCO,
UNDP.WMF
Plenary and Technical Session
- 42 -
III. ANGKOR CHARTER
7
For the past 20 years, experts have been
meeting and discussing the technical issues
involved in cultural heritage safeguarding at
Angkor. This document aims at outlining the
consensus of opinion on key questions. These
guidelines wil assist heritage professionals in
planning and implementing appropriate
conservation and restoration operations.
TEXT REVISIONS OUT PUT DATE
1st revision Draft 20 Nov 2002
2nd revision Draft 20 Dec 2002
3rd revision Draft 30 Jun 2003
4th revision Draft 24 Sep 2003
5th revision Draft 13 Feb 2004
6th revision Draft 14 Dec 2004
7th revision Draft 22 Dec 2004
8th revision Draft 01 Mar 2005
9th revision Draft 15 Jul 2005
10th revision Draft 30 Nov 2005
11th revision Draft 31May 2006
12th revision Draft 23 Jun 2011
13th revision Draft 29 Feb 2012
14th revision Draft 07 Sep 2012
15th revision Final 05 Dec 2012
Giorgio Croci (Chairman)
UNESCO Expert
Azedine Beschaouch
ICC-Angkor Secretary
Anne Lemaistre
UNESCO Representative
Mounir Bouchenaki
UNESCO Expert
Pierre-André Lablaude
UNESCO Expert
Hiroyuki Suzuki
UNESCO Expert
Kenichiro Hidaka
UNESCO Expert
Simon Warrack
ICCROM
Claude Jacques
EFEO
Pascal Royère
EFEO
Christophe Pottier
EFEO
Chau Sun Kerya
APSARA
Ros Borath
APSARA
Tan Boun Suy
APSARA
Hang Peou (APSARA)
Takeshi Nakagawa (JASA)
Yoshinori Iwasaki (JASA)
Ichita Shimoda (JASA)
Soeur Sothy (JASA)
Hans Leisen (GACP)
Esther von Plehwe-Leisen
GACP
Thomas Warscheid
GACP
Valter Maria Santoro
IGeS
Glenn Boornazian
WMF
Janhwij Sharma
ASI
D.S. Sood
ASI
Hou Weidong
CSA
Marie-Françoise André
GEOLAB
Yoshiaki Ishizawa
University of Sophia
Roland Fletcher
University of Sydney
Michel Verrot
French MoCC
1.Principles of Angkor Charter
8
•The value and authenticity of archi -
tectural heritage cannot be assessed with
set criteria as each culture is different
and has to be respected as such, and
requires that its physical heritage be
considered within the cultural context it
belongs to
•A full understanding of the structural
behavior and characteristics of the
constituent materials is essential for any
conservation and restoration project.
Research should be carried out on the
original and earlier states of the
structures, on the building techniques
and construction methods used, on
subsequent changes, on the various
phenomena that impacted the structure,
and finally, on its present state
•Each intervention should, as far as possible,
respect the original concept, construction
techniques and historical value of the
structure and the historical record that it
provides
•Preventive archaeological research or
archaeological surveying must be done
upstream from any conservation work on the
Angkor site.
•The characteristics of any new materials used
in restoration work and their compatibility
with existing materials should be fully
established.
•All conservation control and monitoring
activities should be documented and retained
as part of the history of the structure.
•Dismantling and reassembly should only be
undertaken when required by the nature of
the materials and structure and/or when
conservation by other means is more
damaging
- 43 -
2.Organization of the Project
9
The conservation and/or restoration project should include the following activities,
summarized in the following
Planning: This includes the first contacts, preliminary site visits, the definition of the
aims and objectives, formulation of the work plan, the budget and schedule and the
distribution of tasks.
Acquisition of data: This includes the collection of all data regarding the history of the
object to be conserved or restored, its iconography, construction, previous
conservation and restoration interventions, social research, and preparation of plans
and documentation forms; photographic documentation, picture monitoring, current
condition, mapping and documentation of materials, execution techniques,
examination of materials and agents of decay. This phase concerns also the
preparation of a clear investigation plan, the “anamnesis.”
Diagnosis and safety evaluation: On the basis of the acquired data and the structural
analysis, the causes of damage and decay and the present safety levels have to be
examined case by case and evaluated.
Therapy: Tailoring of the measures to ensure the safety and durability of the structure
Controls: Quality control surveys implemented during and after the
conservation/preservation operations, including a long-term maintenance plan
IV.INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION BETWEEN
APSASA AUTHORITHY AND KCHF
10
Preah Pithu Temple Group
- 44 -
Temple
T
Photo archives
- EFEO
OUTCOMES OF PREAH PITHU PROJECT
12
• Research Study
• Capacity Development
• Equipment Support
• Conservation and Restoration
• Architecture
• Archaeology
• religion
• Structural analysis
• Biology
• Topographic survey
• 3D scanning
• Ground and water survey
▪ Short-term invitational
training
▪ Mid-term invitational
training
▪ Theory and Onsite
training
Exhibition hall
installation near Temple
Research Study
Capacity Development
Equipment Support
Laboratory Installation for
Conservation in office
Conservation and Restoration
▪ Cruciform terrace of Temple T
▪ Emergency reinforcement and repair
▪ Planning of restoration and management
- 45 -
Project schedule
Division
Description
2015
2016
2017
2018
Preliminary
Research
Actual survey
Ground and water
Stone conservation
Pre-excavation
Historical research
Structural stability
Restoration, management
Conservati
on and
Repair
Terrace repair
Emergency reinforcement
Environmental
Capacity
Onsite training
Invitational training
Equipment support
PM
Exhibition hall
Report
13 / 50
Conservation and Restoration Project of the Preah Pithu Temple Group in Angkor Complex
V.CONCLUSION
14
• In Cambodia all the projects conservation restoration
followed by recommendation ICC and Angkor Charter
especially in Angkor Park
• AngKor park need Human Resource for conservation and
restoration because some cultural Heritage sites much more
need restoration and conservation.
• The cooperation between Apsara Authority and
International organization is very importance especially the
training to helps Cambodians technical can continuous
work on the project and manage the preservation of the
temple in the future.
- 46 -
THANK YOU!
- 47 -
By
Mr. SYTHA Visaradaputra (Archeologist)
2018.10.24
APASARA Authority
INDEX
I.
Introduction
II.
Process of Ultrasonic Wave Testing
1
- Required Steps Before Measurement
2- Measurement
3- Calculation of Values
4- Visualization
Ⅲ. Conclusion
- 48 -
I. Introduction
Ultrasonic wave, combines the Latin roots Ultra, meaning
Beyond and sonic, or sound.
The field of ultrasonic have application for imaging
detection
and navigation.
The broad sectors of society that regularly apply ultrasonic
technology are the medical community, industry, the military
and private citizens and
also in culture heritage site.
Date
09/17
09/18
09/19
09/20
09/21
Contents
Method of
Ultrasonic
wave
Practice how to
use Ultrasonic
equipment
Practice
on real
stone and
try to
calculate
Visualization
Lecture
❖
Overview
• Projest Name : 4th Mid-Term Invitational Training Course
• Date : 2018/09/17 – 2018/09/21
• Location : Korea National University of Cultural Heritage,
Korea Cultural Heritage Foundation
• Lecturer : Choi Hyunk Guk, Lim Sangdon, Yoon Woongyu
• Interpreter : Hye Seon Park
• Attendance :
Bot, Basith, Lyn, Tey,
- 49 -
II. Processing measurements
1
• Required Steps before Measurement
2
• Measurement
3
• Calculation of Values
4
• Visualization
• Summary of Process
1. Required steps before measurements
1- Put a small amount of shear wave coupling gel on the transducers.
2- Firmly press the transducers on either side of the 25µs calibration-rod.
Make sure that the coupling gel is properly distributed and that no air is
trapped between the transducer and the calibration rod.
3 -Connect the transducers to Pundit Lab.
4- Select the 250 KHz transducer from the list of supported transducers.
5- Zero the instrument as described in the Pundit Lab
- 50 -
Equipment
UK1401
Ultracon-170
Ultracon-150
coupling gel
2. Measurement
⚫
Finding a total of material rang by classified X,Y,Z
axis.
⚫
Make the points on the objects.
⚫
Make the same on the another surfaces of objects
- 51 -
Collect a data by using
Ultracon 170
and UK1401
⚫
finding a smooth surface of the object.
⚫
Put the transducers on the points and
push with the strong power.
⚫
Try to do a many time on the same point
if get a different values.
⚫
Note the data of values.
⚫
Ultracon 170 and 150 can be get a values
2 ways, direction and indirection.
⚫
UK1401 can get only one way, direction.
3.Calculate value
The formula for calculate value:
After we have value by noting from the Equipment, we need
to follow the formula below for calculate :
Ultrasonic Velocity
𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 =
𝑑𝑑𝑣𝑣𝑑𝑑𝑣𝑣𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣
𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑡𝑡𝑣𝑣
-Distance : Each point to another points
-Time : The data showing on equipment screen.
- 52 -
Calculate by hands
Making a note about data values
Example of Excel File to Calculate the Values
- 53 -
4.Visualization
Before make a visualization:
①
Collect a value from excel
②
Drawing a symbol of structure in AutoCAD
③
Input data of measurement in to surfer file
④
Putting a surfer data to Photo Shop and apply it on the
symbol structure.
➢
Input data in to surfer file
And Make Distribution Chart
➢
Apply it on the symbol structure in auto CAD
➢
Symbol structure drawing in Auto CAD file
- 54 -
Ultrasonic wave, It’s very important for cultural heritage sites and
we can use this experience to do in the fieldwork in our country
and focusing on stone materials, especially sand stone.
However, before use the ultrasonic wave test in real field,
Cambodia
needs
to
research
about
sandstone
materials(components, origins, etc.) and calculation formula.
Nowadays, Cambodia site doesn’t have enough material,
technique for using in field site, so after we got new knowledge,
we can improve our site much better in conservation and
restoration method in the future.
Ⅲ. Conclusion
Thank you
for your attention
- 55 -
1. Introduction
2. Angkor Thom Gate
2.1 History
2.2 Restoration Work
3. Hwaseong Fortress
3.1 History
3.2 Restoration Work
4. The difference
5. Conclusion
- 56 -
• What is the Fortress?
• A fortress is a large building or complex of
buildings used as a military stronghold. In a
military sense, a fortress is often called a “fort."
From its original sense of stronghold, the
word fortress has stretched to include strongholds
in a more figurative sense.
• From very early history to modern times fortress
have been a necessity for many cities.
- 57 -
Location: Siem Reap Province
Layout: 3km x 3km walled and moated
By: King Jayavarman VII in 12th century was a
royal city (last capital of the Angkorian empire)
The new city began with existing structures such
as Baphuon and Phimeanakas, building a grand
enclosed city around them, adding the outer
wall/moat and raising the important temples
called Bayon set at the center of the city.
2.1 History
Angkor Thom
Angkor Wat Temple
North Gate
East Gate
Angkor Thom layout
Bayon Temple
Preah Pithu Temple
Phimeanakas Temple
South Gate
- 58 -
Main cause by the decay, water
penetration, tree growing on stone wall
and the restoration in the past.
2011
It was damaged by
heavy rain and storm
12th Century
Angkor Thom was built
2014
Start restoration 4 places (83m)
. North 59m
. North East 8m
. South 16m
2016
Was finished restoration
4places 83m
1960
Some part was
collapsed
2018
Reinforcement and
restoration of some
part that was
collapsed in 1960
Year ??
Restored by the next
generation of King
2.2 Restoration Work
• General solution on enclosure wall structure of Angkor
Thom
- Filling Soil in the hole to prevent water from being
stagnant inside and lead water to flow to the side
- Cleaning and make slop on internal stone wall
- Cut tree branched on stone wall structure to make a
clear way for a visitor
- To maintenance on the stonewall structure that
collapsed
- To control, maintain constantly on the whole city wall
Solving a problem on the stone wall structure
The restoration project of
Angkor Thom Gate in 2018:
- 59 -
• Technical for reinforcement and restoration enclosure
wal
1. Leveling and survey existing data before dismantled.
2. Remove collapse soil and survey foundation.
3. Dismantle stones, fine the stones at the original
location and reassembling stone test.
4. Excavation (Archeological survey)
5. Reinforce the foundation, flat form of foundation and
installing enclosure wall.
6. Compacting soil layer follow the original layer.
The cause of the fall enclosure wall structure
collapse: remain water on enclosure wall,
the water flows on enclosure wall, trees
grow on enclosure wall and roots destroy
stone wall structure, the bottom has been
decay and lost some part, the stone wall
width are thin and support soil in behind
easy to collapte. So the enclosure wall
structure need to counterfort wall (battress).
Before and After restoration
- 60 -
Location: Suwon, Gyeongigido, South
Korea.
Layout: 4.2 km with no Moat
By: King Jeongjo 18th century
King Jeongjo apparently built Hwaseong
Fortress to prepare for a move of the
capital from Seoul to Suwon.
3.1 History
Hwaseong Fortress plan
- 61 -
- 1975: Reconstruction work began. (according to
“Hwaseong Seongyeokuigwe” record.
- 1979: Completed
- December, 6, 1997: listed as a World heritage site.
- “Hwaseong Seongyeokuigwe” was published in
1800, shortly after King Jeongjo died. It proved
invaluable for the reconstruction effort in 1970
after serveraly damaged during the Korean War.
- The volumes were divided by:
• Covering plans for the building, including
blueprints and a list of supervisor.
• Detail the actual implementation of the building,
such as royal orders and records of the wages of
the workers.
• Supplement and detail the construction of the
adjoining palace, Haenggung.
• The records also detail the amounts of different
material used.
3.2 Restoration Work
Hwaseong Seongyeokuigwe
Hwaseong Fortress plan
1935-1937
Full scale repair work
1794
Janganmun gate was
completed construction
1848
It was rebuilt and
repaired
1846
It was damage by
flood
1976
The reconstruction
work finished.
1950
It was bombing by the
world war
Janganmun Gate
Bombing by the world war in 1950
Bombing by the world war in 1950
Janganmun Gate now
Bombing by the world war in 1950
Bombing by the world war in 1950
- 62 -
1913
Paldalmun repair
construction drawing in
Japanese colonial period
1929
Drawing Paldalmun Ong-
Seong construction work
1976
Detail drawing design
of Ong-Seong
1975
-A drawing on reconstruction of Padal-mun
designed by Samaseong Architectural Firm.
-Reconstruction was finished
Paldalmun Gate
2011
-Dismantling work of second floor
Drawing in 1913
Drawing in 1975
Paldalmun Gate now
After reconstruction work in 1975
Namsumun Gate
1922
Damaged by flood
again
1794
Janganmun gate was
completed construction
1848
It was rebuilt and
repaired
1846
It was damage by
flood
2010
Started restoration
2012
Finished restoration
After damage by flood in 1846
Hwaseong Seongyeokuigwe in 1800
Namsumun Gate
Namsumun Gate
- 63 -
4. T H E D I F F E R E N C E
Angkor Thom Gate
• 12km length
• 5 Gates
• Flatland
• A moat with a width of 100m
(328 ft) surrounds the outer
wall.
• Build in 12th Century
• Sand stone and Laterite wall 8m
height
• Based on Angkor eras
• Symbolical link between heaven
and earth
Hwaseong Fortress
• 5.74km length
• 4 Gates
• Flatland and mountain
• No moat
• Build in 18th Century
• Brick and stone structure
• Based on the technique and styles
used in the Yeongjo and Jeongjo eras
• Idealistic agricultural city
Length
Gate
Layout
Moat
Year
Material
Technique
Idealistic
- 64 -
Conclusion
+
This restoration project is a project of Apsara Authority by Cambodian technician,
that need to be approved by the Expert Ad-Hoc of ICC-Angkor. In that case, technical
drawings are submitted to the expert and receive back the recommendation before
the restoration work start.
+
The restoration project of Hwaseong fortress approached according to Hwaseong
Seongyeokuigwe record that was published in 1800.
+
These 2 cases of projects are very important example for the conservator,
researcher in other project or other country. In that mean the restoration project
follow through original form, material, technique to keep the historical value. Even
though Angkor thom had no any record data but the restoration works accomplish
according to traditional technique.
- 65 -
- 66 -
- 67 -
Industrial Revolution
- 68 -
From
To
- 69 -
Industry 4.0
1
2
3
4
5
- 70 -
- 71 -
(UNESCO’s Charter for the Preservation of Digital Heritage)
*Reference: Prof. Jeongmin Yu/ Dept. of Cultural Heritage Industry/KNUCH
- 72 -
*Reference: Prof. Jeongmin Yu/ Dept. of Cultural Heritage Industry/KNUCH
3D Scanning
Photograph/Drawing
Craftsmanship
3D Printing/CNC
- 73 -
- explore the accurate virtual representation by selecting the course during the visit
- architectural details, landscape from many different perspectives
- explore the arts and the everyday life of each era
- documentation from the process of visualization of material, drawings, photographs and images in three
dimensional models
‐
‐
- 74 -
- 75 -
Virtual Heritage need:
-Increasing of the visitor to Angkor
Site every year cause some negative
impacts to the stability of the
temple structure, relief, inscription..
-Some parts of temple lost their
original form.
3D scanning & 3D Modeling need:
-There are many of impressive
structures, sculptures, reliefs inside
Cambodia temple so those need to
be stored as an digital source to
prevent its original identity and for
the restoration/reconstruction in
next generation
.
- 78 -
- 79 -
The Characteristics and Potentialities of
the Japanese Cultural Properties
Waseda University
Department of Architecture
Masaki KOIWA (
小岩正樹 )
文化財
文化遺産
文化資源
Cultural Properties
Cultural Resources
- 80 -
Flow of conservation
Discovery / rediscovery / excavation
Survey research / publication
Investigation by public institution
Designation procedure
Cultural property other than designation
Designated cultural heritage (country, prefecture, municipality)
Drawing up ledgers
Conservation
Utilization
Movable
Immovable
Natural
- Collection
- Maintenance of display environment
- Repair
-
Daily management, environment
improvement
- Repair, restoration
- Handing down
- Drawing up records
open to the public
Publicization
Reproduction, publish, Copy,
model
Protection activities
Intangible
Cultural Heritage
Cultural property (broad sense)
- 81 -
Kondo(Golden Hall), Horyuji Temple (Nara · 7 C)
- 82 -
Byodo-in Temple (Uji, 1053)
Todaiji Namdaemun (Nara · 1199)
- 83 -
Shariden Engakuji (Kamakura ・15C)
Jisho-ji Temple 慈照寺, Togudo (東求堂) and Dojinsai (同仁斎)(Kyoto・1486)
- 84 -
Nijo Castle Ninomaru Palace(Kyoto・1626)
Hermitage
(Kyoto · Late 16 C )
- 85 -
Number of National Treasures / Important Cultural Heritage
(October 2018 Agency for Cultural Affairs 文化庁)
classification
/division
National
Treasures 件
Important Cultural
Heritage 件
Arts and crafts
Painting
Sculpture
Craft
Book and classics
Ancient document
Archaeological
document
Historical
materials
total
Building
棟
棟
total
(注)重要文化財の件数は、国宝の件数を含む。
Number of National Treasures / Important Cultural Heritage
(Comparison with current situation in July 2017)
classification
/division
National
Treasures 件
Important Cultural
Heritage 件
Arts and crafts
Painting
Sculpture
Craft
Book and classics
Ancient document
Archaeological
document
Historical
materials
total
Building
棟
棟
合計
(注)重要文化財の件数は、国宝の件数を含む。
- 86 -
Number of National Treasures / Important Cultural Heritage
(Comparison with current situation in July 2016)
classification
/division
National
Treasures 件
Important Cultural
Heritage 件
Arts and crafts
Painting
Sculpture
Craft
Book and classics
Ancient document
Archaeological
document
Historical
materials
total
Building
棟
棟
Total
(注)重要文化財の件数は、国宝の件数を含む。
Number of National Treasures / Important Cultural Heritage (Comparison
with current situation in July 2010)
classification
/division
National
Treasures 件
Important
Cultural Heritage
件
National
Treasures 件
Important
Cultural Heritage
件
Arts and
crafts
Painting
Sculpture
Craft
Book and
classics
Ancient
document
Archaeologic
al document
Historical
materials
total
Building
棟
棟
棟
棟
合計
(注)重要文化財の件数は、国宝の件数を含む。
- 87 -
Criteria for designating national treasures and important cultural
properties (buildings)
May 10, 1955 Notification No. 2 of the Cultural Property Protection Committee
First Amendment May 25, 1955 Public Cultural Property Protection Committee Notification No. 29
Second amendment November 20, 1955 Notification of Ministry of Education No. 153
Third revision February 9, 1996 Ministry of Education Notification No. 6
- Important cultural property
Of buildings, civil engineering structures and other works, which fall under one of
the following items and which are typical of each era or type
(1) Excellent designs
(2) Excellent technically
(3) High historical value
(4) High academic value
(5) remarkable in school or regional characteristics
- National treasure
Among important cultural properties, those which are extremely excellent and which
are particularly deeply meaningful in terms of cultural history
種類・時
代別内訳
年
分類
件数
棟数
近世以前
近代
計
奈良
平安
鎌倉
室町
桃山
江戸
明治
大正
昭和
Classificat
ion
before
the mode
rn times
神社
寺院
城郭
住宅
民家
他
小計
Classificat
ion after
the mode
rn times
宗教
住居
学校
文化施設
官公庁舎
商業・業務
産業・交通・
土木
他
小計
合計
- 88 -
National Treasure:
Ōura Church(Nagasaki, ・1865)
組合せ番付
時香番付
廻り番付
方位番付
絵番付
National Treasure: Akasaka Palace (赤坂離宮), or the State Guest House (Tokyo・
1909)
- 89 -
National Treasure: Former Tomioka Silk Mill (Gunma · 1872)
組合せ番付
時香番付
廻り番付
方位番付
絵番付
Important cultural property: The Kaichi School Matsumoto ・1876)
- 90 -
Important cultural property: Waseda University Ōkuma Memorial Hall (Tokyo・
1927)
Sumidagawa River 隅田川 BRIDGE GROUP橋梁群 Upper left: Permanent
Bridge永代橋, Middle: Kiyosu Bridge清洲橋, Bottom: Katsutobashi Bridge勝鬨
橋
) (左上 : 永代橋、中 : 清洲橋、下 : 勝鬨橋)
- 91 -
Edo period in modern times (around Genroku)
- 92 -
Registered tangible cultural properties(building): Sekino-ichi
Registered tangible cultural properties(building):old Igarashi's dental clinic
- 93 -
Registered tangible cultural properties
(
building) Number of registrations (Agency for Cultural Affairs, October 2018)
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Registered tangible cultural properties
(Building)
Tokyo Tower
- 94 -
Registered tangible cultural properties (Building)
:
Starbucks Kobe Kitano Futanari Shop
- 95 -
Important preservation district of historic buildings :Narai-juku奈良井宿Nagano長野)
Conservation Area of Important Traditional Building Group (118)
Settlements
· Townscapes of the post office
· Townscapes connected to the harbor
· Townscape of merchant's house
· Townscapes connected to industry
· Townscapes around Shrines and temples
· Townscapes of teahouses
· Street town centering on samurai residence
- 96 -
- 97 -
important cultural landscape :terraced paddy field of Katagihara(徳島県)
Important cultural landscape :terraced paddy field of Katagihara(徳島県)
- 98 -
important cultural landscape:Uji(Kyoto)
important cultural landscape:Oku-Asuka奥飛鳥(奈良県)
- 99 -
important cultural
landscape:
Oku-Asuka奥飛鳥
(奈良県)
important cultural
landscape:
Oku-Asuka 奥飛鳥
(奈良県)
- 100 -
Scenic beauty (government-designated): Sankei-en三渓園(神奈川県)
- 101 -
Special historical sites:Ishibutai-kofun Tumulus, Nara Prefecture
Joruri-ji Temple (A place of special scenic beauty, historical sites )
- 102 -
Jisho-ji Temple
(A place of special scenic beauty
・
Special historical sites )
Itsukushima shrine (A place of special scenic beauty, special historical sites, natural
monuments)
- 103 -
In Nijo Castle , the remain of Honmaru palace. and Ninomaru Palace
Institution
· The Protection of Antiquities Order (古器旧物保存方) (1871): First protection laws of
the modern cultural property. Investigation and Drawing-up of inventory (cf. 廃仏毀釈:
abolish Buddhism and destroy Sh
ākyamuni)
· the grant-in-aid system for preservation of ancient shrines and temples
(古社寺保存金制度) (1880-): purpose of maintaining the system of shrines and temples
· The Ancient Shrines and Temples Preservation Act (1897): It covers the buildings and
treasures of the first shrines of the cultural property protection system.
"History / Witness / Art / model"
· The Iaw for the Preservation of National Treasures (国宝保存法) (1929): Expand target
to shrines other than shrines
· Cultural Property Protection Act (文化財保護法) (1950): Expanding existing
conservation law and unifying it. Intangible cultural properties and buried cultural
properties are also covered. The laws of preservation and utilization were revised.
(1975, 1996, 2004 etc)
C.f. Ancient Capitals Preservation Act (古都保存法)(Act on Special Measures Concerning
Preservation of Historic Climate in the Ancient Capital) (1966)
· History Town Planning Act (歴史まちづくり法) (2008)
· Landscape Conservation Act (景観法) (2004)
- 104 -
Horyuji temple
Kondo,
Damage due to suffering
(from a calamity)
(
1949.01.26.)
- 105 -
Toshodaiji Temple, Lecture hall
Transition of a Lecture Hall of the Toshodaiji Temple
(Above: Heijo Miyazaki Shrine, Middle: foundation, Bottom: Current situation)
- 106 -
Eastern Morning Audience Hall , Heijo-kyu Palace(平城宮 東朝集殿 )
Toin Denpodo of Horyu-ji Temple (8th century)
- 107 -
Toin Denpodo of Horyu-ji Temple (8th century)
Tachibana Hall’s reconstruction plan(predecessor building of
Toin [east precinct] Denpodo of Horyu-ji Temple)
- 108 -
Ninna-ji temple (moved to Kyoto · 1624-44)
Hall for State Ceremonies (in Heian Palace, Kyoto Imperial Palace 紫宸殿 )(Kyoto・
1855)
- 109 -
Yakushiji Temple, East Pagoda, Repair construction site
Yakushiji Temple, East Pagoda, Repair construction site
- 110 -
Yakushiji Temple, East Pagoda, Repair construction site
Yakushiji Temple, East Pagoda, Repair construction site
- 111 -
- 112 -
Toshodaiji Temple 唐招提寺, Kondo (Golden Hall) 金堂
Kondo at Toshodaiji Temple, Comparison between old and new
(Left: Initially, Right: Current situation)
- 113 -
Toshodaiji Temple Kanedo, Current sectional elavation
Toshodaiji
Temple,
Kondo
Repair
construction
site
- 114 -
Honganji, Meido = Repair construction site
Meido, Honganji, Repair construction site 本願寺御影堂 修理工事現場,
- 115 -
Izumo Taisha
Main Hall
Repair
construction site
Toshodaiji Temple, Kondo, Repair construction site
- 116 -
Toshodaiji Temple, Kondo, Repair construction site
Toshodaiji Temple, Kondo, Repair construction site
- 117 -
Toshodaiji Temple, Kondo, Repair construction site
東大寺大仏殿
Todaiji Temple, Great Buddha Hall (Nara · 1709)
- 118 -
Todaiji Temple, Great Buddha Hall, 1879-1915 repair work)
- 119 -
Todaiji Temple, Great Buddha Hall東大寺大仏殿
Ise Jingu Shrine, Main shrine
- 120 -
- 121 -
trace of old shrine
main building of a shrine
main building
main building
- 122 -
trace of old shrine
main building of a shrine
- 123 -
Heijokakyo
Fujiwarakyo
Asuka
Ise shrine
Toyouke Shrine (the outer shrine of Ise Shrine)
Koutai Shrine (the inner shrine of Ise Shrine)
- 124 -
- 125 -
Toyouke Shrine (the outer shrine of Ise Shrine)
Koutai Shrine (the inner shrine of Ise Shrine)
- 126 -
- 127 -
- 128 -
Kasuga-taisha main shrine
Enjoji’s Kasuga Hall円成寺春日堂・Shirayamadou Hall白山堂( Late 12th C – Early 13rd C )
- 129 -
Heijo Palace (Suzaku Gate)
Heijo Palace (Suzaku Gate)
- 130 -
Heijo Palace (Eastern Palace Garden Plaza)
Heijo Palace (Council Hall in the Imperial Palace)
- 131 -
Heijo Palace (Council Hall in the Imperial Palace)
Heijo Palace (Council Hall in the Imperial Palace)
- 132 -
Central Station(Tokyo Railroad Station)
組合せ番付
時香番付
廻り番付
方位番付
絵番付
Central Station(Tokyo Railroad Station)
組合せ番付
時香番付
廻り番付
方位番付
絵番付
- 133 -
Central Station(Tokyo Railroad Station)
組合せ番付
時香番付
廻り番付
方位番付
絵番付
Central Station(Tokyo Railroad Station)
組合せ番付
時香番付
廻り番付
方位番付
絵番付
- 134 -
Central Station(Tokyo Railroad Station)
組合せ番付
時香番付
廻り番付
方位番付
絵番付
Central Station
(Tokyo Railroad Station)
組合せ番付
時香番付
廻り番付
方位番付
絵番付
- 135 -
Central Station(Tokyo Railroad Station)
組合せ番付
時香番付
廻り番付
方位番付
Central Station(Tokyo Railroad Station)
組合せ番付
時香番付
廻り番付
方位番付
- 136 -
MITSUBISHI Ichigokan Museum三菱一号館美術館
Marunouchi Brick Street丸の内煉瓦街 and MITSUBISHI Ichigokan
- 137 -
MITSUBISHI Ichigokan (1894)
MITSUBISHI Ichigokan (Left: current cafe, right: initial banking office)
- 138 -
Higashi Hongan-ji 東本願寺
- 139 -
・
UNESCO
(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
・
ICOMOS
(International Council on Monument and Sites)
・
ICCROM
(International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration
of Cultural Property
・
DOCOMOMO
(Documentation and Conservation of buildings, sites and neighborhoods
of the Modern Movement)
- 140 -
1
Buddhist Monuments in the
Horyu-ji Area
Property: 15 ha
Buffer Zone: 571 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻺 㻭㻾㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻟㻌
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕)( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼢)( 㼢㼕)
㼀㼔㼑㼞㼑㻌 㼍㼞㼑㻌 㼍㼞㼛㼡㼚㼐㻌 㻠 㻤 㻌 㻮㼡㼐㼐㼔㼕㼟㼠㻌 㼙㼛㼚㼡㼙㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌
㻴 㼛㼞㼥㼡㻙㼖㼕㻌 㼍 㼞㼑㼍 㻘㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㻺 㼍 㼞㼍㻌 㻼 㼞㼑㼒㼑 㼏㼠㼡 㼞㼑㻚㻌 㻿 㼑 㼢㼑㼞㼍 㼘㻌 㼐 㼍 㼠㼑㻌
㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼘㼍㼠㼑㻌㻣 㼠㼔㻌㼛㼞㻌㼑㼍㼞㼘㼥㻌㻤 㼠㼔㻌㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥㻘㻌㼙㼍㼗㼕㼚㼓 㻌㼠㼔㼑㼙㻌
㼟㼛㼙 㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼛㼘㼐 㼑 㼟㼠㻌 㼟㼡㼞㼢㼕㼢㼕㼚 㼓㻌 㼣 㼛 㼛㼐 㼑 㼚㻌 㼎 㼡㼕㼘㼐㼕㼚 㼓 㼟㻌
㼕 㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼣 㼛 㼞㼘 㼐 㻚㻌 㼀 㼔 㼑 㼟 㼑㻌 㼙 㼍 㼟 㼠㼑 㼞㼜 㼕 㼑 㼏 㼑 㼟㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼣 㼛 㼛 㼐 㼑 㼚㻌
㼍㼞㼏㼔㼕㼠㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㼍㼞㼑㻌㼕㼙㼜㼛㼞㼠㼍㼚㼠㻌㼚㼛㼠㻌㼛㼚㼘㼥㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼔㼕㼟㼠㼛㼞㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌
㼍㼞㼠㻘㻌 㼟㼕㼚㼏㼑㻌 㼠㼔㼑㼥㻌 㼕㼘㼘㼡㼟㼠㼞㼍㼠㼑㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼍㼐㼍㼜㼠㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻯㼔㼕㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌
㻮㼡 㼐 㼐 㼔㼕 㼟㼠㻌 㼍 㼞㼏 㼔㼕 㼠㼑 㼏 㼠㼡 㼞㼑㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌 㼘㼍 㼥㼛 㼡 㼠㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㻶㼍 㼜 㼍 㼚 㼑 㼟㼑㻌
㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌 㼎㼡㼠㻌 㼍㼘㼟㼛㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼔㼕㼟㼠㼛㼞㼥㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼞㼑㼘㼕㼓 㼕㼛㼚㻘㻌 㼟㼕㼚㼏㼑㻌
㼠㼔㼑㼕㼞㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼟㼠㼞㼡㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼏㼛㼕㼚㼏㼑㼐㼑㼐㻌 㼣 㼕㼠㼔㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼕㼚㼠㼞㼛㼐㼡㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌
㼛㼒㻌 㻮㼡㼐㼐㼔㼕㼟㼙㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌 㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌 㻯㼔㼕㼚㼍㻌 㼎㼥㻌 㼣 㼍㼥㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌
㻷㼛㼞㼑㼍㼚㻌㼜㼑㼚㼕㼚㼟㼡㼘㼍㻚
2
Himeji-jo
Property: 108 ha
Buffer Zone: 143 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻴 㼅 㻻 㻳㻻 㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻟㻌
㻯㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕)( 㼕㼢)
㻴 㼕 㼙 㼑 㼖㼕㻙㼖 㼛㻌 㼕 㼟㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼒㼕 㼚 㼑 㼟 㼠㻌 㼟 㼡 㼞㼢㼕 㼢㼕 㼚 㼓 㻌 㼑 㼤 㼍 㼙 㼜 㼘 㼑㻌
㼛 㼒㻌 㼑 㼍 㼞㼘 㼥㻌 㻝 㻣 㼠㼔 㻙㼏 㼑 㼚 㼠㼡 㼞㼥㻌 㻶㼍 㼜 㼍 㼚 㼑 㼟 㼑 㻌 㼏 㼍 㼟 㼠㼘 㼑㻌
㼍 㼞㼏 㼔㼕㼠㼑 㼏 㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌 㼏 㼛㼙 㼜 㼞㼕㼟㼕㼚 㼓 㻌 㻤 㻟 㻌 㼎 㼡㼕㼘㼐 㼕㼚 㼓 㼟㻌 㼣 㼕㼠㼔㻌
㼔㼕㼓 㼔㼘㼥㻌 㼐 㼑 㼢㼑㼘㼛 㼜 㼑 㼐㻌 㼟 㼥㼟㼠㼑 㼙 㼟㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼐 㼑 㼒㼑 㼚 㼏 㼑㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌
㼕㼚 㼓 㼑 㼚 㼕 㼛 㼡 㼟㻌 㼜 㼞㼛 㼠㼑 㼏 㼠㼕 㼛 㼚㻌 㼐 㼑 㼢㼕 㼏 㼑 㼟㻌 㼐 㼍 㼠㼕 㼚 㼓 㻌 㼒㼞㼛 㼙㻌
㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼎 㼑 㼓 㼕㼚 㼚 㼕 㼚 㼓 㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㻿 㼔 㼛 㼓 㼡 㼚㻌 㼜 㼑 㼞㼕 㼛 㼐 㻚㻌 㻵㼠㻌 㼕 㼟㻌
㼍 㻌 㼙 㼍 㼟 㼠㼑 㼞㼜 㼕 㼑 㼏 㼑 㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼏 㼛 㼚 㼟 㼠㼞㼡 㼏 㼠㼕 㼛 㼚㻌 㼕 㼚㻌 㼣 㼛 㼛 㼐 㻘㻌
㼏㼛㼙㼎㼕㼚㼕㼚㼓 㻌㼒㼡㼚㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌 㼍㼑㼟㼠㼔㼑㼠㼕㼏㻌㼍㼜㼜㼑㼍㼘㻘㻌 㼎㼛㼠㼔㻌
㼕㼚㻌 㼕㼠㼟㻌 㼑㼘㼑㼓㼍㼚㼠㻌 㼍㼜㼜㼑㼍㼞㼍㼚㼏㼑㻌 㼡㼚㼕㼒㼕㼑㼐㻌 㼎㼥㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼣 㼔㼕㼠㼑㻌
㼜㼘㼍㼟㼠㼑㼞㼑㼐㻌 㼑㼍㼞㼠㼔㼑㼚㻌 㼣 㼍㼘㼘㼟㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼡㼎㼠㼘㼑㼠㼥㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼞㼑㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㼔㼕㼜㼟㻌 㼎㼑㼠㼣 㼑㼑㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼎㼡㼕㼘㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼙㼍㼟㼟㼑㼟㻌
㼍㼚㼐㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼙㼡㼘㼠㼕㼜㼘㼑㻌㼞㼛㼛㼒㻌㼘㼍㼥㼑㼞㼟㻚
3
Yakushima
Property: 10,747 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻷㻭㻳㻻 㻿㻴 㻵㻹 㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻟㻌
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼢㼕㼕)( 㼕㼤)
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼕㼚㼠㼑㼞㼕㼛㼞㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼅 㼍㼗㼡㼟㼔㼕㼙 㼍㻌 㻵㼟㼘㼍 㼚㼐㻘㻌
㼍 㼠㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼙 㼑㼑㼠㼕㼚㼓 㻙㼜 㼛㼕㼚㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼜㼍 㼘㼍 㼑㼍 㼞㼏㼠㼕㼏㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌
㼛㼞㼕㼑㼚 㼠㼍 㼘㻌 㼎㼕㼛㼠㼕㼏㻌 㼞㼑 㼓 㼕㼛㼚㼟㻘㻌 㼅 㼍 㼗㼡㼟㼔㼕㼙 㼍㻌 㼑 㼤㼔㼕㼎㼕㼠㼟㻌
㼍㻌 㼞㼕㼏 㼔㻌 㼒㼘㼛 㼞㼍 㻘㻌 㼣 㼕㼠㼔㻌 㼟㼛㼙 㼑㻌 㻝㻘㻥 㻜 㻜 㻌 㼟㼜 㼑 㼏 㼕㼑 㼟㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌
㼟㼡㼎㼟㼜㼑㼏㼕㼑㼟㻘㻌 㼕㼚㼏㼘㼡㼐㼕㼚㼓 㻌 㼍 㼚㼏㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼟㼜㼑㼏㼕㼙 㼑㼚㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼡㼓 㼕㻌( 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌 㼏㼑㼐㼍㼞) 㻚㻌 㻵㼠㻌 㼍㼘㼟㼛㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌
㼍㻌 㼞㼑㼙㼚㼍㼚㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼍㻌 㼣 㼍㼞㼙㻙㼠㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼑㻌 㼍㼚㼏㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼑㼟㼠㻌
㼠㼔㼍㼠㻌㼕㼟㻌㼡㼚㼕㼝㼡㼑㻌㼕㼚㻌㼠㼔㼕㼟㻌㼞㼑㼓㼕㼛㼚㻚
10
Shrines and Temples of Nikko
Property: 51 ha
Buffer Zone: 373 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㼀㻻 㻯 㻴 㻵㻳㻵㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻥
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕)( 㼕㼢)( 㼢㼕)
㼀㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼔㼞㼕㼚㼑㼟㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌 㼠㼑㼙 㼜㼘㼑㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻺 㼕㼗㼗㼛㻘㻌 㼠㼛㼓 㼑㼠㼔㼑㼞㻌
㼣 㼕 㼠㼔㻌 㼠㼔 㼑 㼕 㼞㻌 㼚 㼍 㼠㼡 㼞㼍 㼘㻌 㼟 㼡 㼞㼞㼛 㼡 㼚 㼐 㼕 㼚 㼓 㼟 㻘㻌 㼔 㼍 㼢㼑㻌 㼒㼛 㼞㻌
㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼕㼑㼟㻌 㼎 㼑㼑㼚㻌 㼍㻌 㼟㼍 㼏㼞㼑㼐㻌 㼟㼕㼠㼑㻌 㼗㼚㼛㼣 㼚㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼕㼠㼟㻌
㼍 㼞㼏㼔㼕㼠㼑 㼏㼠㼡㼞㼍 㼘㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌 㼐 㼑㼏 㼛㼞㼍 㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌 㼙 㼍 㼟㼠㼑㼞㼜 㼕㼑 㼏 㼑㼟㻚㻌
㼀㼔㼑㼥㻌 㼍㼞㼑㻌 㼏㼘㼛㼟㼑㼘㼥㻌 㼍 㼟㼟㼛㼏㼕㼍 㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼣 㼕㼠㼔㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼔㼕㼟㼠㼛㼞㼥㻌
㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼀㼛㼗㼡㼓 㼍㼣 㼍㻌 㻿㼔㼛㼓 㼡㼚㼟㻚㻌 㻭㼚㼏㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼙㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㻌
㼣 㼛㼞㼟㼔㼕㼜㻘㻌 㻮㼡㼐㼐㼔㼕㼟㼙㻘㻌 㻿㼔㼕㼚㼠㼛㼕㼟㼙㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼣 㼛㼞㼟㼔㼕㼜㻌 㼍㼞㼑㻌
㼏㼛㼙㼎㼕㼚㼑㼐㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼍 㼠㻌 㼕㼟㻌 㼞㼑㼟㼜㼛㼚㼟㼕㼎㼘㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼡㼚㼕㼝㼡㼑㻌
㼞㼑㼘㼕㼓㼕㼛㼡㼟㻌㼟㼜㼍㼏㼑㻚
11
Gusuku Sites and related
properties of the Kingdom of
Ryukyu
Property: 55 ha
Buffer Zone: 560 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻻 㻷㻵㻺 㻭㼃 㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻜 㻜
㻯㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼕㼕)( 㼢㼕)
㻲 㼕 㼢 㼑㻌 㼔 㼡 㼚 㼐 㼞㼑 㼐㻌 㼥 㼑 㼍 㼞㼟㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㻾 㼥㼡 㼗 㼥 㼡 㼍 㼚㻌 㼔 㼕 㼟 㼠㼛 㼞㼥㻌
( 㻝㻞 㼠㼔㻙㻝㻣 㼠㼔㻌 㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥)㻌 㼍 㼞㼑㻌 㼞㼑㼜㼞㼑㼟㼑㼚㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼎㼥㻌 㼠㼔㼕㼟㻌
㼓 㼞㼛㼡㼜㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼟㼕㼠㼑㼟㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼙㼛㼚㼡㼙 㼑㼚㼠㼟㻚㻌 㼀㼔㼑㻌 㼞㼡㼕㼚㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼍 㼟㼠㼘㼑㼟㻘㻌 㼛㼚㻌 㼕㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼑㼘㼑㼢㼍 㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼟㼕㼠㼑㼟㻘㻌 㼍㼞㼑㻌
㼑㼢㼕㼐㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼛㼏㼕㼍㼘㻌 㼟㼠㼞㼡㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼛㼢㼑㼞㻌 㼙㼡㼏㼔㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼠㼔㼍㼠㻌㼜㼑㼞㼕㼛㼐㻘㻌㼣 㼔㼕㼘㼑㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼟㼍㼏㼞㼑㼐㻌㼟㼕㼠㼑㼟㻌㼜㼞㼛㼢㼕㼐㼑㻌㼙㼡㼠㼑㻌
㼠㼑㼟㼠㼕㼙 㼛㼚㼥㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼞㼍㼞㼑㻌 㼟㼡㼞㼢㼕㼢㼍㼘㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼍㼚㻌 㼍 㼚㼏㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌
㼒㼛㼞㼙㻌㼛㼒㻌㼞㼑㼘㼕㼓㼕㼛㼚㻌㼕㼚㼠㼛㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼙㼛㼐㼑㼞㼚㻌㼍㼓㼑㻚㻌㼀㼔㼑㻌㼣 㼕㼐㼑㻙
㼞㼍㼚㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼑㼏㼛㼚㼛㼙㼕㼏㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼍㼘㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼠㼍㼏㼠㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌
㻾㼥㼡㼗㼥㼡㻌 㻵㼟㼘㼍㼚㼐㼟㻌 㼛㼢㼑㼞㻌 㼠㼔㼍㼠㻌 㼜㼑㼞㼕㼛㼐㻌 㼓㼍㼢㼑㻌 㼞㼕㼟㼑㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼍㻌
㼡㼚㼕㼝㼡㼑㻌㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻚
12
Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage
Routes in the Kii Mountain
Range
Property: 495 ha
Buffer Zone: 11,370 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻌㻹 㻵㻱 㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻌㻺 㻭㻾㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻌
㼃 㻭㻷㻭㼅 㻭㻹 㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻜 㻠
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼕㼕)( 㼕㼢)( 㼢㼕)
㻿㼑㼠㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼐㼑㼚㼟㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼑㼟㼠㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻷㼕㼕㻌 㻹 㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌
㼛㼢㼑㼞㼘㼛㼛㼗㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻼㼍㼏㼕㼒㼕㼏㻌 㻻㼏㼑㼍 㼚㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼞㼑㼑㻌 㼟㼍㼏㼞㼑㼐㻌
㼟㼕㼠㼑㼟㻙㼅 㼛㼟㼔㼕㼚㼛㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌 㻻㼙 㼕㼚㼑㻘㻌 㻷 㼡㼙 㼍 㼚㼛㻌 㻿 㼍 㼚㼦㼍 㼚㻘㻌
㼍 㼚㼐㻌 㻷 㼛㼥㼍 㼟㼍 㼚㻙㼘㼕㼚㼗㼑㼐㻌 㼎㼥㻌 㼜㼕㼘㼓 㼞㼕㼙 㼍 㼓 㼑㻌 㼞㼛㼡㼠㼑㼟㻌 㼠㼛㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼍㼚㼏㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼏㼍㼜㼕㼠㼍㼘㻌 㼏㼕㼠㼕㼑㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻺 㼍㼞㼍㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㻷㼥㼛㼠㼛㻘㻌
㼞㼑 㼒㼘㼑 㼏 㼠㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼒㼡 㼟㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㻿 㼔㼕㼚 㼠㼛 㻘㻌 㼞㼛 㼛 㼠㼑 㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌
㼍㼚㼏㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼠㼞㼍㼐㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼚㼍 㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼣 㼛㼞㼟㼔㼕㼜㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻘㻌
㼍 㼚 㼐㻌 㻮 㼡 㼐 㼐 㼔 㼕 㼟 㼙 㻚㻌 㼀 㼔 㼑㻌 㼟 㼕 㼠㼑 㼟㻌( 㻠 㻥 㻡 㻚㻟 㻙㼔 㼍)㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌
㼠㼔㼑㼕㼞㻌 㼟㼡㼞㼞㼛㼡㼚㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼑㼟㼠㻌 㼘㼍 㼚㼐㼟㼏㼍 㼜㼑㻌 㼞㼑㼒㼘㼑㼏㼠㻌 㼍㻌
㼜㼑㼞㼟㼕㼟㼠㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼑㼤㼠㼞㼍㼛㼞㼐㼕㼚㼍㼞㼕㼘㼥㻌 㼣 㼑㼘㼘㻙㼐㼛㼏㼡㼙㼑㼚㼠㼑㼐㻌
㼠㼞㼍㼐㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼟㼍㼏㼞㼑㼐㻌㼙㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌㼛㼢㼑㼞㻌㻝㻘㻞 㻜 㻜 㻌㼥㼑㼍㼞㼟㻚
18 Sites in Japan World Heritage List
4
Shirakami-Sanchi
Property: 10,139 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻌㻭㻻 㻹 㻻 㻾㻵㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻌㻭㻷㻵㼀㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻟
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼤)
㻿㼕㼠㼡㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼙㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼚㼛㼞㼠㼔㼑㼞㼚㻌 㻴 㼛㼚㼟㼔㼡㻘㻌
㼠㼔㼕㼟㻌 㼠㼞㼍 㼏 㼗㼘㼑 㼟㼟㻌 㼟㼕㼠㼑㻌 㼕㼚 㼏㼘㼡 㼐 㼑 㼟㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼘㼍 㼟㼠㻌 㼢㼕㼞㼓 㼕㼚㻌
㼞㼑 㼙 㼍 㼕 㼚 㼟㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼏 㼛 㼛 㼘 㻙㼠㼑 㼙 㼜 㼑 㼞㼍 㼠㼑㻌 㼒 㼛 㼞㼑 㼟 㼠㻌 㼛 㼒㻌
㻿㼕㼑㼎㼛㼘㼐㻓㼟㻌 㼎㼑㼑㼏㼔㻌 㼠㼞㼑㼑㼟㻌 㼠㼔㼍㼠㻌 㼛㼚㼏㼑㻌 㼏㼛㼢㼑㼞㼑㼐㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌
㼔㼕㼘㼘㼟㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼙㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㻌 㼟㼘㼛㼜㼑㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼚㼛㼞㼠㼔㼑㼞㼚㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻚㻌
㼀㼔㼑㻌 㼎㼘㼍㼏㼗㻌 㼎㼑㼍㼞㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼑㼞㼛㼣 㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㻤 㻣 㻌 㼟㼜㼑㼏㼕㼑㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼎㼕㼞㼐㼟㻌㼏㼍㼚㻌㼎㼑㻌㼒㼛㼡㼚㼐㻌㼕㼚㼠㼔㼕㼟㻌㼒㼛㼞㼑㼟㼠㻚
5
Historic Monuments of
Ancient Kyoto
[Kyoto, Uji and Ohtsu Cities]
Property: 1,056 ha
Buffer Zone: 3,579 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻌㻷㼅 㻻 㼀㻻 㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻌㻿 㻴 㻵㻳㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻠
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼢)
㻮㼡㼕㼘㼠㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㻭㻚㻰㻚㻣 㻥 㻠 㻌 㼛㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼙㼛㼐㼑㼘㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼍㼜㼕㼠㼍㼘㼟㻌
㼛 㼒㻌 㼍 㼚 㼏 㼕㼑 㼚 㼠㻌 㻯 㼔㼕 㼚 㼍 㻘㻌 㻷 㼥㼛 㼠㼛㻌 㼣 㼍 㼟㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼕㼙 㼜 㼑 㼞㼕㼍 㼘㻌
㼏㼍㼜㼕㼠㼍㼘㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌 㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌 㼕㼠㼟㻌 㼒㼛㼡㼚㼐㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼡㼚㼠㼕㼘㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌
㼙㼕㼐㼐㼘㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻝㻥 㼠㼔㻌 㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥㻚㻌 㻭㼟㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼑㼚㼠㼑㼞㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌 㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼙㼛㼞㼑㻌 㼠㼔㼍㼚㻌 㻝㻘㻜 㻜 㻜 㻌 㼥㼑㼍㼞㼟㻘㻌
㻷㼥㼛㼠㼛㻌 㼕㼘㼘㼡㼟㼠㼞㼍㼠㼑㼟㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼐㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌
㼣 㼛 㼛 㼐 㼑 㼚㻌 㼍 㼞㼏 㼔㼕㼠㼑 㼏 㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌 㼜 㼍 㼞㼠㼕㼏 㼡㼘㼍 㼞㼘㼥㻌 㼞㼑㼘㼕㼓 㼕㼛 㼡 㼟㻌
㼍㼞㼏㼔㼕㼠㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼍㼞㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌 㼓㼍㼞㼐㼑㼚㼟㻘㻌
㼣 㼔㼕㼏㼔㻌 㼔㼍㼟㻌 㼕㼚㼒㼘㼡㼑㼚㼏㼑㼐㻌 㼘㼍㼚㼐㼟㼏㼍㼜㼑㻌 㼓㼍㼞㼐㼑㼚㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌
㼣 㼛㼞㼘㼐㻌㼛㼢㼑㼞㻚
6
Historic Villages of Shirakawa-
go and Gokayama
Property: 68 ha
Buffer Zone: 4,335 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻌㻳㻵㻲㼁 㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻌㼀㻻 㼅㻭㻹 㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻡
㻯㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼢)( 㼢)
㻸㼛 㼏 㼍 㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼍㻌 㼙 㼛㼡 㼚㼠㼍 㼕㼚 㼛㼡 㼟㻌 㼞㼑 㼓 㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼍 㼠㻌 㼣 㼍 㼟㻌 㼏㼡 㼠㻌
㼛㼒㼒㻌 㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼞㼑㼟㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼣 㼛㼞㼘㼐㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼍㻌 㼘㼛㼚㼓㻌 㼜㼑㼞㼕㼛㼐㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼠㼕㼙㼑㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼑㼟㼑㻌 㼢㼕㼘㼘㼍㼓㼑㼟㻌 㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌 㼠㼔㼑㼕㼞㻌 㻳㼍㼟㼟㼔㼛㻙㼟㼠㼥㼘㼑㻌 㼔㼛㼡㼟㼑㼟㻌
㼟㼡㼎㼟㼕㼟㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼛㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼡㼘㼠㼕㼢㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼙㼡㼘㼎㼑㼞㼞㼥㻌 㼠㼞㼑㼑㼟㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼞㼑㼍 㼞㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼟㼕㼘㼗㼣 㼛㼞㼙 㼟㻚㻌 㼀㼔㼑㻌 㼘㼍 㼞㼓 㼑㻌 㼔㼛㼡㼟㼑㼟㻌 㼣 㼕㼠㼔㻌
㼠㼔㼑㼕㼞㻌 㼟㼠㼑㼑㼜㼘㼥㻌 㼜㼕㼠㼏㼔㼑㼐㻌 㼠㼔㼍㼠㼏㼔㼑㼐㻌 㼞㼛㼛㼒㼟㻌 㼍㼞㼑㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼛㼚㼘㼥㻌
㼑㼤㼍㼙㼜㼘㼑㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㼕㼞㻌 㼗㼕㼚㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻚㻌 㻰㼑㼟㼜㼕㼠㼑㻌 㼑㼏㼛㼚㼛㼙㼕㼏㻌
㼡㼜㼔㼑㼍㼢㼍㼘㼟㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼢㼕㼘㼘㼍㼓㼑㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻻㼓㼕㼙㼍㼏㼔㼕㻘㻌 㻭㼕㼚㼛㼗㼡㼞㼍㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌
㻿㼡㼓㼍㼚㼡㼙㼍㻌㼍㼞㼑㻌㼛㼡㼠㼟㼠㼍㼚㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌㼑㼤㼍㼙㼜㼘㼑㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼍㻌㼠㼞㼍㼐㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌
㼣 㼍 㼥㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼘㼕㼒㼑㻌 㼜㼑㼞㼒㼑㼏㼠㼘㼥㻌 㼍㼐㼍 㼜㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼑㼚㼢㼕㼞㼛㼚㼙 㼑㼚㼠㻌㻌
㼍㼚㼐㻌㼜㼑㼛㼜㼘㼑㻓㼟㻌㼟㼛㼏㼕㼍㼘㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼑㼏㼛㼚㼛㼙㼕㼏㻌㼏㼕㼞㼏㼡㼙㼟㼠㼍㼚㼏㼑㼟㻚
12
Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage
Routes in the Kii Mountain
Range
Property: 495 ha
Buffer Zone: 11,370 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻌㻹 㻵㻱 㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻌㻺 㻭㻾㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻌
㼃 㻭㻷㻭㼅 㻭㻹 㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻜 㻠
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼕㼕)( 㼕㼢)( 㼢㼕)
㻿㼑㼠㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼐㼑㼚㼟㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼑㼟㼠㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻷㼕㼕㻌 㻹 㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌
㼛㼢㼑㼞㼘㼛㼛㼗㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻼㼍 㼏㼕㼒㼕㼏㻌 㻻㼏㼑㼍㼚㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼞㼑㼑㻌 㼟㼍 㼏㼞㼑㼐㻌
㼟㼕㼠㼑㼟㻙㼅 㼛㼟㼔㼕㼚㼛㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌 㻻㼙 㼕㼚㼑㻘㻌 㻷 㼡㼙 㼍 㼚㼛㻌 㻿 㼍 㼚㼦㼍 㼚㻘㻌
㼍 㼚㼐㻌 㻷 㼛㼥㼍 㼟㼍 㼚㻙㼘㼕㼚㼗㼑㼐㻌 㼎㼥㻌 㼜㼕㼘㼓 㼞㼕㼙 㼍 㼓 㼑㻌 㼞㼛㼡㼠㼑㼟㻌 㼠㼛㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼍㼚㼏㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼏㼍㼜㼕㼠㼍㼘㻌 㼏㼕㼠㼕㼑㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻺 㼍㼞㼍㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㻷 㼥㼛㼠㼛㻘㻌
㼞㼑 㼒㼘㼑 㼏 㼠㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼒㼡 㼟㼕㼛 㼚㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㻿 㼔㼕㼚 㼠㼛㻘㻌 㼞㼛㼛 㼠㼑 㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌
㼍 㼚㼏㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼠㼞㼍㼐㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼚㼍 㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼣 㼛㼞㼟㼔㼕㼜㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻘㻌
㼍 㼚 㼐㻌 㻮 㼡 㼐 㼐 㼔 㼕 㼟 㼙 㻚㻌 㼀 㼔 㼑㻌 㼟㼕 㼠㼑 㼟㻌( 㻠 㻥 㻡 㻚㻟 㻙㼔 㼍)㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌
㼠㼔㼑㼕㼞㻌 㼟㼡㼞㼞㼛㼡㼚㼐㼕㼚㼓 㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼑㼟㼠㻌 㼘㼍 㼚㼐㼟㼏㼍 㼜㼑㻌 㼞㼑㼒㼘㼑㼏㼠㻌 㼍㻌
㼜㼑㼞㼟㼕㼟㼠㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼑㼤㼠㼞㼍㼛㼞㼐㼕㼚㼍㼞㼕㼘㼥㻌 㼣 㼑㼘㼘㻙㼐㼛㼏㼡㼙㼑㼚㼠㼑㼐㻌
㼠㼞㼍㼐㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼟㼍㼏㼞㼑㼐㻌㼙㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌㼛㼢㼑㼞㻌㻝㻘㻞 㻜 㻜 㻌㼥㼑㼍㼞㼟㻚
13
Shiretoko
Property: 34,000 ha
Buffer Zone: 37,100 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻴 㻻 㻷㻷㻭㻵㻰 㻻 㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻜 㻡
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼤)( 㼤)
㻿 㼔㼕㼞㼑 㼠㼛 㼗㼛㻌 㻼 㼑 㼚 㼕㼚 㼟㼡㼘㼍㻌 㼕㼟㻌 㼘㼛 㼏 㼍 㼠㼑 㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼟㼑 㼍㻌
㼛 㼒㻌 㻻 㼗 㼔 㼛 㼠㼟 㼗 㻚 㻌 㻰 㼡 㼑 㻌 㼠㼛 㻌 㼠㼛 㼜 㼛 㼓 㼞㼍 㼜 㼔 㼕 㼏 㼍 㼘 㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌
㼓 㼑㼛㼓 㼞㼍㼜㼔㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼐㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼑㼍㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻻㼗㼔㼛㼠㼟㼗㻌
㼕㼟㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼙㼛㼟㼠㻌 㼟㼛㼡㼠㼔㼑㼞㼚㻌( 㼘㼛㼣 㼑㼟㼠㻌 㼘㼍㼠㼕㼠㼡㼐㼑)㻌 㼛㼏㼑㼍㼚㻌
㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼣 㼛 㼞㼘㼐㻌 㼍 㼟㻌 㼍 㻌 㼟 㼑 㼍 㼟 㼛 㼚 㼍 㼘㻌 㼟 㼑 㼍 㻌 㼕 㼏 㼑㻌 㼍 㼞㼑 㼍 㻚㻌
㻵㼚㼒㼘㼡㼑㼚㼏㼑㼐㻌 㼎㼥㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼙㼍 㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼑㼍 㼟㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌
㼟㼑㼍㻌 㼕㼏㼑㻘㻌 㻿㼔㼕㼞㼑㼠㼛㼗㼛㻌 㼕㼟㻌 㼍㼚㻌 㼛㼡㼠㼟㼠㼍㼚㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼑㼤㼍㼙㼜㼘㼑㻌
㼛 㼒㻌 㼍 㼚 㻌 㼕 㼚 㼠㼑 㼓 㼞㼍 㼠㼑 㼐 㻌 㼑 㼏 㼛 㼟 㼥 㼟 㼠㼑 㼙 㻌 㼐 㼕 㼟 㼜 㼘 㼍 㼥 㼕 㼚 㼓㻌
㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼕㼚 㼠㼑 㼞㼞㼑 㼘㼍 㼠㼕 㼛㼚 㼟㼔㼕㼜㻌 㼎 㼑 㼠㼣 㼑 㼑 㼚㻌 㼍㻌 㼠㼑 㼞㼞㼑 㼟㼠㼞㼕㼍 㼘㻌
㼑 㼏 㼛 㼟 㼥 㼟 㼠 㼑 㼙 㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐 㻌 㼍 㻌 㼏 㼛 㼚 㼠㼕 㼓 㼡 㼛 㼡 㼟 㻌 㼙 㼍 㼞㼕 㼚 㼑㻌
㼑㼏㼛㼟㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㻚㻌
㻌
㻭㼘㼟㼛㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼕㼠㼑㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌 㼍㻌 㼐㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼑㻌 㼒㼍 㼡㼚㼍㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌
㼒㼘㼛㼞㼍㻌 㼎㼑㼏㼍㼡㼟㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼛㼙㼜㼘㼑㼤㻌 㼠㼛㼜㼛㼓㼞㼍㼜㼔㼥㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼐㼕㼒㼒㼑㼞㼑㼚㼏㼑㼟㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼣 㼑㼍㼠㼔㼑㼞㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼐㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻌 㼎㼑㼠㼣 㼑㼑㼚㻌
㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼑 㼍 㼟㼠㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌 㼣 㼑 㼟㼠㻌 㼟㼕㼐 㼑 㼟㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼜 㼑 㼚㼕㼚 㼟㼡㼘㼍 㻚㻌
㻵㼠㻌 㼕㼟㻌 㼍 㼚㻌 㼕㼙 㼜㼛㼞㼠㼍㼚㼠㻌 㼎㼞㼑㼑㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼛㼞㻌 㼣 㼕㼚㼠㼑㼞㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼟㼕㼠㼑㻌
㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼓 㼘㼛㼎㼍㼘㼘㼥㻌 㼠㼔㼞㼑㼍 㼠㼑㼚㼑㼐㻌 㼎㼕㼞㼐㻌 㼟㼜㼑㼏㼕㼑㼟㻌 㼟㼡㼏㼔㻌 㼍㼟㻌
㻮㼘㼍㼗㼕㼟㼠㼛㼚㻓㼟㻌㼒㼕㼟㼔㻙㼛㼣㼘㻚
14
The Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine
and its Cultural Landscape
Property: 442 ha
Buffer Zone: 3,221 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻿㻴 㻵㻹 㻭㻺 㻱 㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻜 㻣
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼕㼕)( 㼢)
㼀㼔㼑㻌 㻌 㼜㼞㼛㼜㼑㼞㼠㼥㻌 㻌 㼑㼤㼔㼕㼎㼕㼠㼟㻌 㻌 㼡㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼍㼘㻌 㼛㼡㼠㼟㼠㼍㼚㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌
㼢 㼍 㼘 㼡 㼑㻌 㼍 㼟㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼟 㼕 㼠㼑㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼟 㼕㼘 㼢㼑 㼞㻌 㼙 㼕 㼚 㼑㻌 㼠㼔 㼍 㼠㻌
㼜 㼞㼛 㼐 㼡 㼏 㼑 㼐㻌 㼍 㻌 㼘 㼍 㼞㼓 㼑㻌 㼍 㼙 㼛 㼡 㼚 㼠㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼟㼕㼘 㼢㼑 㼞㻌 㼕 㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌
㻝 㻢 㼠㼔 㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐 㻌 㻝 㻣 㼠㼔 㻌 㼏 㼑 㼚 㼠㼡 㼞㼕 㼑 㼟 㻘㻌 㼠㼞㼕 㼓 㼓 㼑 㼞㼑 㼐 㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌
㼙㼍 㼟㼟㻌 㼜㼞㼛㼐㼡㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼓 㼛㼘㼐㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼟㼕㼘㼢㼑㼞㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌
㼠㼔㼞㼛㼡㼓 㼔㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼜㼞㼑㼍 㼐㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼕㼠㼟㻌 㼙㼕㼚㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼠㼑㼏㼔㼚㼕㼝㼡㼑㼟㻌
㼠㼛㻌 㼛㼠㼔㼑㼞㻌 㼙㼕㼚㼑㼟㻌 㼠㼔㼞㼛㼡㼓㼔㼛㼡㼠㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻘㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼑㼤㼑㼞㼠㼑㼐㻌
㼟㼕㼓 㼚㼕㼒㼕㼏㼍㼚㼠㻌 㼕㼚㼒㼘㼡㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌 㼡㼜㼛㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼔㼕㼟㼠㼛㼞㼥㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌
㼑 㼤 㼏 㼔 㼍 㼚 㼓 㼑㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼓 㼛 㼛 㼐 㼟㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌 㼏 㼛 㼙 㼙 㼡 㼚 㼕 㼏 㼍 㼠㼕 㼛 㼚 㼟㻌
㼍 㼙 㼛 㼚 㼓 㻌 㼏㼕㼢㼕㼘㼕㼦㼍 㼠㼕㼛 㼚 㼟㻘㻌 㼚 㼛 㼠㻌 㼛㼚㼘㼥㻌 㼎 㼑 㼠㼣 㼑 㼑 㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌
㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻱 㼍 㼟㼠㻌 㻭㼟㼕㼍㻌 㼎㼡㼠㻌 㼍㼘㼟㼛㻌 㼎㼑㼠㼣 㼑㼑㼚㻌 㻱 㼍㼟㼠㻌
㼍㼚㼐㻌㼃 㼑㼟㼠㻘㻌㼞㼑㼍㼏㼔㼕㼚㼓 㻌㼍㼟㻌㼒㼍㼞㻌㼍㼟㻌㻱 㼡㼞㼛㼜㼑㻚
18 Sites in Japan World Heritage List
15
Ogasawara Islands
Property: 7,939 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㼀㻻 㻷 㼅 㻻 㻌㻹 㼑㼠㼞㼛㼜 㼛㼘㼕㼟
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻝 㻝
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼤)
㻻㼓 㼍㼟㼍 㼣 㼍㼞㼍㻌 㻵㼟㼘㼍㼚㼐㼟㻘㻌 㼐㼑㼟㼜㼕㼠㼑㻌 㼠㼔㼑㼕㼞㻌 㼟㼙㼍㼘㼘㻌 㼍 㼞㼑㼍㻘㻌
㼟㼔 㼛 㼣 㻌 㼍㻌 㼔㼕㼓 㼔㻌 㼞㼍 㼠㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼑 㼤㼕㼟㼠㼑㼚 㼏 㼑㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼑 㼚㼐 㼑 㼙 㼕㼏㻌
㼟 㼜 㼑 㼏 㼕 㼑 㼟㻌 㼕 㼐 㼑 㼚 㼠㼕 㼒㼕 㼑 㼐㻌 㼛 㼚 㼘 㼥㻌 㼕 㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼕 㼟㻌 㼍 㼞㼑 㼍 㻘㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌
㼜 㼞㼛 㼢 㼕 㼐 㼕 㼚 㼓 㻌 㼜 㼞㼑 㼏 㼕 㼛 㼡 㼟㻌 㼑 㼢 㼕 㼐 㼑 㼚 㼏 㼑㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼍 㼐 㼍 㼜 㼠㼕 㼢 㼑㻌
㼞㼍 㼐 㼕 㼍 㼠㼕 㼛 㼚 㻌 㼕 㼚 㻌 㼠㼔 㼑 㻌 㼜 㼞㼛 㼏 㼑 㼟 㼟 㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼑 㼢 㼛 㼘 㼡 㼠㼕 㼛 㼚 㻘㻌
㼜㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼡㼘㼍㼞㼘㼥㻌㼕㼚㻌㼟㼚㼍㼕㼘㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼢㼍㼟㼏㼡㼘㼍㼞㻌㼜㼘㼍㼚㼠㼟㻚
7
Hiroshima Peace Memorial
[Genbaku Dome]
Property: 0.39 ha
Buffer Zone: 43 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻴 㻵㻾㻻 㻿㻴 㻵㻹 㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻢
㻯㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼢㼕)
㼀㼔 㼑㻌 㻴 㼕㼞㼛 㼟㼔 㼕㼙 㼍㻌 㻼 㼑 㼍 㼏 㼑㻌 㻹 㼑 㼙 㼛㼞㼕㼍 㼘㻌( 㻳 㼑 㼚 㼎 㼍 㼗 㼡㻌
㻰 㼛㼙㼑)㻌 㼣 㼍㼟㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼛㼚㼘㼥㻌 㼟㼠㼞㼡㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼘㼑㼒㼠㻌 㼟㼠㼍㼚㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼕㼚㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌㼍㼞㼑㼍㻌㼣 㼔㼑㼞㼑㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼒㼕㼞㼟㼠㻌㼍㼠㼛㼙㼕㼏㻌㼎㼛㼙㼎㻌㼑㼤㼜㼘㼛㼐㼑㼐㻌
㼛 㼚㻌 㻢 㻌 㻭 㼡 㼓 㼡㼟 㼠㻌 㻝㻥 㻠 㻡 㻚㻌 㼀㼔 㼞㼛 㼡 㼓 㼔㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼑 㼒㼒㼛 㼞㼠㼟㻌 㼛 㼒㻌
㼙 㼍 㼚㼥㻌 㼜㼑㼛㼜㼘㼑㻘㻌 㼕㼚㼏㼘㼡㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼠㼔㼛㼟㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼕㼠㼥㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㻴㼕㼞㼛㼟㼔㼕㼙㼍㻘㻌 㼕㼠㻌 㼔㼍㼟㻌 㼎㼑㼑㼚㻌 㼜㼞㼑㼟㼑㼞㼢㼑㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼍㼙㼑㻌
㼟 㼠㼍 㼠㼑㻌 㼍 㼟㻌 㼕㼙 㼙 㼑 㼐 㼑 㼍 㼠㼑 㼘 㼥㻌 㼍 㼒㼠㼑 㼞㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼎 㼛 㼙 㼎 㼕㼚 㼓 㻚㻌
㻺 㼛㼠㻌 㼛㼚㼘㼥㻌 㼕㼟㻌 㼕㼠㻌 㼍㻌 㼟㼠㼍㼞㼗㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼜㼛㼣 㼑㼞㼒㼡㼘㻌 㼟㼥㼙㼎㼛㼘㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼙 㼛㼟㼠㻌 㼐㼑㼟㼠㼞㼡㼏㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼏㼑㻌 㼑㼢㼑㼞㻌 㼏㼞㼑㼍 㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼎㼥㻌
㼔㼡 㼙 㼍 㼚 㼗㼕㼚㼐 㻘㻌 㼕㼠㻌 㼍 㼘㼟㼛㻌 㼑 㼤㼜 㼞㼑 㼟㼟㼑 㼟㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼔㼛㼜 㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌
㼣 㼛㼞㼘㼐㻌 㼜㼑㼍㼏㼑㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼡㼘㼠㼕㼙㼍㼠㼑㻌 㼑㼘㼕㼙㼕㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼍㼘㼘㻌
㼚㼡㼏㼘㼑㼍㼞㻌㼣 㼑㼍㼜㼛㼚㼟㻚
8
Itsukushima Shinto Shrine
Property: 431 ha
Buffer Zone: 2,634 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻴 㻵㻾㻻 㻿㻴 㻵㻹 㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎㼑㼐㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻢
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕)( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼢)( 㼢㼕)
㼀㼔㼑㻌 㼕㼟㼘㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻵㼠㼟㼡㼗㼡㼟㼔㼕㼙㼍㻘㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻿㼑㼠㼛㻌 㼕㼚㼘㼍㼚㼐㻌
㼟㼑㼍㻘㻌㼔㼍㼟㻌㼎㼑㼑㼚㻌 㼍㻌㼔㼛㼘㼥㻌㼜㼘㼍㼏㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌㻿㼔㼕㼚㼠㼛㼕㼟㼙㻌㼟㼕㼚㼏㼑㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼑㼍 㼞㼘㼕㼑㼟㼠㻌 㼠㼕㼙 㼑㼟㻚㻌 㼀㼔㼑㻌 㼒㼕㼞㼟㼠㻌 㼟㼔㼞㼕㼚㼑㻌 㼎㼡㼕㼘㼐㼕㼚㼓 㼟㻌
㼔㼑㼞㼑㻌㼣 㼑㼞㼑㻌㼜㼞㼛㼎㼍㼎㼘㼥㻌㼑㼞㼑㼏㼠㼑㼐㻌㼕㼚㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻢 㼠㼔㻌㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥㻚㻌
㼀㼔㼑㻌㼜㼞㼑㼟㼑㼚㼠㻌㼟㼔㼞㼕㼚㼑㻌㼐㼍㼠㼑㼟㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻝㻟 㼠㼔㻌㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥㻌
㼍㼚㼐㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼔㼍㼞㼙㼛㼚㼕㼛㼡㼟㼘㼥㻌㼍㼞㼞㼍㼚㼓㼑㼐㻌㼎㼡㼕㼘㼐㼕㼚㼓 㼟㻌㼞㼑㼢㼑㼍㼘㻌
㼓 㼞㼑㼍 㼠㻌 㼍 㼞㼠㼕㼟㼠㼕㼏㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌 㼠㼑㼏㼔㼚㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌 㼟㼗㼕㼘㼘㻚㻌 㼀㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼔㼞㼕㼚㼑㻌
㼜 㼘㼍 㼥㼟㻌 㼛㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼏 㼛 㼚 㼠㼞㼍 㼟 㼠㼟㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼏 㼛㼘㼛 㼡㼞㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼙㻌
㼎㼑㼠㼣 㼑㼑㼚㻌㼙㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼟㼑㼍㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼕㼘㼘㼡㼟㼠㼞㼍㼠㼑㼟㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌
㻶㼍 㼜 㼍 㼚㼑 㼟㼑㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼏㼑㼜 㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼟㼏 㼑㼚㼕㼏㻌 㼎㼑㼍 㼡 㼠㼥㻘㻌 㼣 㼔㼕㼏㼔㻌
㼏㼛㼙㼎㼕㼚㼑㼟㻌㼚㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼔㼡㼙㼍㼚㻌㼏㼞㼑㼍㼠㼕㼢㼕㼠㼥㻚
9
Historic Monuments of
Ancient Nara
Property: 617 ha
Buffer Zone: 1,963 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻺 㻭㻾㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻤
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼕㼕)( 㼕㼢)( 㼢㼕)
㻺 㼍 㼞㼍㻌 㼣 㼍 㼟㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼍 㼜㼕㼠㼍㼘㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻶㼍 㼜㼍 㼚㻌 㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌 㻣 㻝㻜 㻌 㼠㼛㻌
㻣 㻤 㻠 㻚㻌 㻰 㼡 㼞㼕 㼚 㼓 㻌 㼠㼔 㼕 㼟㻌 㼜 㼑 㼞㼕 㼛 㼐㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼒㼞㼍 㼙 㼑 㼣 㼛 㼞㼗㻌 㼛 㼒㻌
㼚㼍 㼠㼕㼛㼚 㼍 㼘㻌 㼓 㼛㼢㼑㼞㼚㼙 㼑 㼚㼠㻌 㼣 㼍 㼟㻌 㼏 㼛㼚㼟㼛㼘㼕㼐㼍 㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌
㻺 㼍㼞㼍㻌㼑㼚㼖㼛㼥㼑㼐㻌㼓㼞㼑㼍㼠㻌㼜㼞㼛㼟㼜㼑㼞㼕㼠㼥㻘㻌㼑㼙㼑㼞㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼍㼟㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌
㼒㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼔㼑㼍㼐㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌 㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻚㻌 㼀㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼕㼠㼥㻓㼟㻌
㼔㼕㼟㼠㼛㼞㼕㼏㻌 㼙㼛㼚㼡㼙㼑㼚㼠㼟㻙㻮㼡㼐㼐㼔㼕㼟㼠㻌 㼠㼑㼙㼜㼘㼑㼟㻘㻌 㻿㼔㼕㼚㼠㼛㻌
㼟㼔㼞㼕㼚㼑㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼑㼤㼏㼍㼢㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㼞㼑㼙㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼓㼞㼑㼍㼠㻌
㻵㼙㼜㼑㼞㼕㼍㼘㻌 㻼㼍㼘㼍㼏㼑㻙㻼㼞㼛㼢㼕㼐㼑㻌 㼍㻌 㼢㼕㼢㼕㼐㻌 㼜㼕㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼘㼕㼒㼑㻌
㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻶㼍 㼜 㼍 㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌 㼏㼍 㼜㼕㼠㼍 㼘㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻤 㼠㼔㻌 㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥㻘㻌
㼍㻌 㼜 㼑 㼞㼕㼛 㼐㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼜 㼞㼛 㼒㼛 㼡 㼚 㼐㻌 㼜 㼛㼘㼕㼠㼕㼏 㼍 㼘㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌 㼏 㼡㼘㼠㼡 㼞㼍 㼘㻌
㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑㻚
16
Hiraizumi
Temples, Gardens and Archeological
Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure
land
Property: 187 ha
Buffer Zone: 5,998 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻵㼃 㻭㼀㻱 㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻝 㻝
㻯㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕)( 㼢㼕)
“ 㻴㼕㼞㼍㼕㼦㼡㼙㼕”㻌㼕㼟㻌㼍㻌㼟㼠㼞㼕㼗㼕㼚㼓㻌㼏㼍㼟㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㼏㼞㼑㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼍㼕㼙㼑㼐㻌
㼠㼛㻌 㼞㼑㼍㼘㼕㼦㼑㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼜㼑㼏㼕㼍㼘㻌 㼑㼤㼜㼞㼑㼟㼟㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻮㼡㼐㼐㼔㼍㼗㼟㼑㼠㼞㼍㻌
( 㻼㼡㼞㼑㻌 㻸㼍㼚㼐)㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼞㼑㼍㼘㻌 㼣 㼛㼞㼘㼐㻌 㼎㼍㼟㼑㼐㻌 㼛㼚㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌
㻮㼡㼐㼐㼔㼕㼟㼙㻌 㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼛㼡㼓㼔㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼜㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼘㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼓 㼞㼛㼣 㼚㻌 㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌 㼕㼠㻌 㼕㼚㻌
㼜㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼡㼘㼍㼞㻘㻌 㼣 㼔㼕㼏㼔㻌 㼔㼍㼐㻌 㼎㼑㼑㼚㻌 㼑㼚㼐㼛㼣 㼑㼐㻌 㼣 㼕㼠㼔㻌 㼡㼚㼕㼝㼡㼑㻌
㻶㼍 㼜 㼍 㼚 㼑 㼟 㼑㻌 㼏 㼔 㼍 㼞㼍 㼏 㼠㼑 㼞㼕 㼟 㼠㼕 㼏 㼟㻌 㼒㼡 㼟 㼑 㼐㻌 㼣 㼕 㼠㼔㻌 㼍 㼚 㼏 㼕 㼑 㼚 㼠㻌
㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌 㼠㼔㼛㼡㼓㼔㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼚㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼣 㼛㼞㼟㼔㼕㼜㻘㻌 㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻢 㼠㼔㻌
㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥㻌㼣 㼔㼑㼚㻌㻮㼡㼐㼐㼔㼕㼟㼙㻌㼣 㼍㼟㻌㼕㼚㼠㼞㼛㼐㼡㼏㼑㼐㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㻯㼔㼕㼚㼍㻌
㼍㼚㼐㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻷㼛㼞㼑㼍㼚㻌㻼㼑㼚㼕㼚㼟㼡㼘㼍㻌㼠㼛㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻝㻞 㼠㼔㻌㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥㻚㻌
㻌
“ 㻴 㼕 㼞㼍 㼕 㼦 㼡 㼙 㼕”㻌 㼕 㼟㻌 㼍 㻌 㼜 㼞㼛 㼙 㼕 㼚 㼑 㼚 㼠㻌 㼞㼑 㼜 㼞㼑 㼟 㼑 㼚 㼠㼍 㼠㼕 㼛 㼚㻌 㼛 㼒㻌
㼕㼙㼜㼛㼞㼠㼍㼚㼠㻌 㼔㼡㼙㼍㼚㻌 㼕㼚㼠㼑㼞㼍㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼑㼚㼟㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼢㼍㼘㼡㼑㼟㻌
㼍 㼟㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼐 㼑 㼟㼕 㼓 㼚㻌 㼏 㼛 㼚 㼏 㼑 㼜 㼠㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌 㼐 㼑 㼟㼕 㼓 㼚㻌 㼐 㼞㼍 㼒㼠㼕 㼚 㼓 㻌 㼛 㼒㻌
㼍㼞㼏㼔㼕㼠㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼔㼛㼞㼠㼕㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㼕㼚㻌㻱 㼍㼟㼠㻌㻭㼟㼕㼍㻌㼍㼟㻌㼣 㼑㼘㼘㻌㼍㼟㻌
㼟㼔㼛㼣㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼕㼙㼜㼛㼞㼠㼍㼚㼠㻌 㼟㼠㼑㼜㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼔㼡㼙㼍㼚㻌 㼔㼕㼟㼠㼛㼞㼥㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㼟㼑㻌
㼒㼕㼑㼘㼐㼟㻚㻌
17
Fujisan, sacred place and
source of artistic inspiration
Property: 20,702 ha
Buffer Zone: 49,627 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㼅㻭㻹 㻭㻺 㻭㻿㻴 㻵㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻌㻿㻴 㻵㼆㼁 㻻 㻷㻭㻌
㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎㼑㼐㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻝 㻟
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕㼕)( 㼢㼕)
㻲㼡㼖㼕㼟㼍㼚㻌 㼕㼟㻌 㼍㻌 㼟㼍㼏㼞㼑㼐㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼟㼛㼘㼑㼙㼚㻌 㼒㼕㼓㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌 㼍㻌 㼔㼛㼘㼥㻌
㼜㼘㼍 㼏㼑㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼣 㼔㼕㼏㼔㻌 㼜㼑㼛㼜㼘㼑㻌 㼙 㼍 㼗㼑㻌 㼜㼕㼘㼓 㼞㼕㼙 㼍 㼓 㼑㼟㻌 ─㻌
㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼛㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼙㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼕㼠㼟㻌 㼟㼡㼙㼙㼕㼠㻚㻌
㼀㼔㼕㼟㻌 㼐㼑㼢㼛㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼓㼍㼢㼑㻌 㼎㼕㼞㼠㼔㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼔㼑㼞㼕㼟㼔㼑㼐㻌 㼕㼐㼑㼍㻌
㼠㼔㼍㼠㻌“ 㻲㼡㼖㼕㼟㼍㼚”㻌 㼕㼟㻌 㼎㼑㼘㼕㼑㼢㼑㼐㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼔㼍㼢㼑㻌 㼓 㼍㼕㼚㼑㼐㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌
㼟㼡㼜㼑㼞㼚㼍 㼠㼡㼞㼍 㼘㻌 㼜㼛㼣 㼑㼞㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻿 㼔㼕㼚㼠㼛㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌 㻮㼡㼐 㼐㼔㼕㼟㼠㻌
㼐㼑㼕㼠㼕㼑㼟㻘㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼞㼑㼜㼞㼑㼟㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌“ 㼟㼥㼙㼎㼛㼘㼕㼏㻌 㼐㼑㼍 㼠㼔㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌
㼟㼜㼕㼞㼕㼠㼡㼍㼘㻌㼞㼑㼎㼕㼞㼠㼔㻘”㻌㼣 㼔㼑㼞㼑㻌㼛㼚㼑㻌㼐㼕㼑㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼕㼟㻌㼞㼑㼎㼛㼞㼚㻚㻌
㻲㼡㼖㼕㼟㼍㼚㻌㼔㼍㼟㻌㼍㼘㼟㼛㻌㼎㼑㼑㼚㻌㼐㼑㼜㼕㼏㼠㼑㼐㻌㼕㼚㻌㼙㼍㼚㼥㻌㼣 㼛㼞㼗㼟㻌
㼛㼒㻌 㼍㼞㼠㻘㻌 㼟㼡㼏㼔㻌 㼍㼟㻌㼁 㼗㼕㼥㼛㻙㼑㻌 㼜㼍㼕㼚㼠㼕㼚㼓㼟㻘㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼔㼍㼟㻌 㼔㼍㼐㻌
㼍㻌 㼜㼞㼛㼒㼛㼡㼚㼐㻌 㼑㼒㼒㼑㼏㼠㻌 㼛㼚㻌 㼚㼡㼙㼑㼞㼛㼡㼟㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼑㼕㼓㼚㻌 㼍㼞㼠㼕㼟㼠㼟㻚㻌
㻲㼡㼖㼕㼟㼍㼚㻌 ─㻌 㼟㼍㼏㼞㼑㼐㻌 㼜㼘㼍㼏㼑㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼟㼛㼡㼞㼏㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼍㼞㼠㼕㼟㼠㼕㼏㻌
㼕㼚㼟㼜㼕㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 ─㻌 㼕㼟㻌 㼔㼕㼓㼔㼘㼥㻌 㼍㼜㼜㼞㼑㼏㼕㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼢㼍㼘㼡㼑㼐㻌
㼣 㼛㼞㼘㼐㼣㼕㼐㼑㻚
18
Tomioka Silk Mill and Related
Sites
Property: 7.2 ha
Buffer Zone: 414.6 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻳㼁 㻺 㻹 㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻝 㻠
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼢)
“ 㼀㼛㼙㼕㼛㼗㼍㻌 㻿㼕㼘㼗㻌 㻹 㼕㼘㼘㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㻾㼑㼘㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌 㻿㼕㼠㼑㼟”㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼟㼕㼟㼠㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼒㼛㼡㼞㻌 㼟㼕㼠㼑㼟㻌 㼠㼔㼍㼠㻌 㼏㼛㼞㼞㼑㼟㼜㼛㼚㼐㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼐㼕㼒㼒㼑㼞㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼟㼠㼍㼓㼑㼟㻌
㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼜㼞㼛㼐㼡 㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼞㼍 㼣 㻌 㼟㼕㼘㼗㻦㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼒㼕㼞㼟㼠㻙㼑 㼢㼑 㼞㻌 㼟㼕㼘㼗㻌
㼙 㼕㼘㼘㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㻶㼍 㼜 㼍 㼚㻌 㻔㼀㼛㼙 㼕㼛㼗㼍㻌 㻿 㼕㼘㼗㻌 㻹 㼕㼘㼘㻕㻘㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼜㼞㼛㼠㼛㼠㼥㼜㼑㻌
㼛㼒㻌 㼙 㼛㼐㼑㼞㼚㻌 㼟㼑㼞㼕㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼒㼍 㼞㼙 㼔㼛㼡㼟㼑㼟㻌 㻔㼀㼍 㼖㼕㼙 㼍㻌 㼅 㼍 㼔㼑㼕㻌
㻿㼑㼞㼕㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻲㼍㼞㼙㻕㻘㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼟㼑㼞㼕㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㼑㼐㼡㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㼒㼍㼏㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥㻌
㻔㼀㼍㼗㼍㼥㼍㼙㼍㻙㼟㼔㼍㻌 㻿 㼑㼞㼕㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘㻕㻘㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼛㼘㼐㻌
㼟㼠㼛㼞㼍 㼓 㼑㻌 㼒㼍 㼏㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼟㼕㼘㼗㻙㼣 㼛㼞㼙㻌 㼑㼓 㼓 㼟㻌 㻔㻭㼞㼍㼒㼡㼚㼑㻌 㻯 㼛㼘㼐㻌
㻿㼠㼛㼞㼍㼓㼑㻕㻚㻌 㼀㼔㼑㼟㼑㻌 㼟㼕㼠㼑㼟㻌 㼔㼍㼢㼑㻌 㼣 㼛㼞㼘㼐㼣 㼕㼐㼑㻌 㼟㼕㼓㼚㼕㼒㼕㼏㼍㼚㼏㼑㻌
㼍㼟㻌㼍㻌㼜㼘㼍㼏㼑㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼠㼑㼏㼔㼚㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㼑㼤㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼕㼚㼚㼛㼢㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼕㼚㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼕㼘㼗㼣 㼛㼞㼙㻙㼞㼍㼕㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼟㼕㼘㼗㻙㼞㼑㼑㼘㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼕㼚㼐㼡㼟㼠㼞㼕㼑㼟㻚㻌 㼀㼔㼕㼟㻌
㼜㼞㼛㼜㼑㼞㼠㼥㻌 㼣 㼍㼟㻌 㼕㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎㼑㼐㻌 㼛㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼃 㼛㼞㼘㼐㻌 㻴 㼑㼞㼕㼠㼍㼓㼑㻌 㻸㼕㼟㼠㻌
㼎㼑㼏㼍㼡㼟㼑㻌㼕㼠㻌㼕㼘㼘㼡㼟㼠㼞㼍㼠㼑㼟㻌㼔㼛㼣 㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌㼜㼘㼍㼥㼑㼐㻌㼍㻌㼜㼞㼛㼙㼕㼚㼑㼚㼠㻌
㼞㼛㼘㼑㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼣 㼛㼞㼘㼐㻓㼟㻌 㼞㼍㼣 㻙㼟㼕㼘㼗㻌 㼙㼍㼞㼗㼑㼠㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼎㼑㼓㼕㼚㼚㼕㼚㼓 㻌
㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻞 㻜 㼠㼔㻌 㻯㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥㻘㻌 㼎㼍㼟㼑㼐㻌 㼛㼚㻌 㼙㼍㼟㼟㻌 㼜㼞㼛㼐㼡㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼔㼕㼓㼔㻙㼝㼡㼍㼘㼕㼠㼥㻌 㼞㼍㼣 㻌 㼟㼕㼘㼗㻌 㼞㼑㼍㼘㼕㼦㼑㼐㻌 㼎㼥㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼠㼞㼕㼎㼡㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼠㼔㼑㼟㼑㻌㼒㼛㼡㼞㻌㼟㼕㼠㼑㼟㻌㼠㼔㼍㼠㻌㼒㼡㼚㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㼑㼐㻌㼠㼛㼓㼑㼠㼔㼑㼞㻌㼑㼒㼒㼑㼏㼠㼕㼢㼑㼘㼥㻚
- 141 -
ICOMOS (website)
ICCROM (website)
- 142 -
DOCOMOMO Japan (website)
Angkor historical remains (Bayon Temple)
- 143 -
Structural analysis of Bayon Temple’s corridor
Prasat Suor Prat’s Tower, Dismantling and Repair Work
- 144 -
Prasat Suor Prat’s Tower, Dismantling and Repair Work
Sambor Prei Kuk Remains, Research, Repair-Restoration, Capacity Building
- 145 -
Sambor Prei Kuk Remains, Research, Repair-Restoration, Capacity Building
- 148 -
- 149 -
Modernization of traditional architecture in
Japan - Possibility of Cultural Value through
Sukiya
Nanjing Tech University
Dept. Architecture
Yasutaka Matsumoto
contents
1. What is Sukiya (tea-ceremony arbor)?
2. Acquisition of modern publicity
3. Change in physical space
4. Change in conceptual position
5. Summary
- 150 -
contents
1. What is Sukiya?
2. Acquisition of modern publicity
3. Change in physical space
4. Change in conceptual position
5. Summary
Japanese traditional architecture
Religious building :
Shinto
Buddhist temple
Residential building:
Ruling class
Shinden
style
Shoin
style
Sukiya
style
machiya
farmhouses
The public people
Conventional religion
Foreign religion
Sukiya
( tea-ceremony room)
- 151 -
Two tea ceremonies
• Tensho ~ Kanaga (1573-1643)
• Sung Zen Tea ceremony + Japanese linked-
verse
• Korean pottery, potter
• "'Wabi-Sab 侘 · 寂“
brew tea ( Sencha Tea
ceremony
)
• 18th ~ 19th centuries
• Ming Qing literary tea + Japanese dynasty culture
• Literate exchanges with the Nagasaki and Tang
people, and Literary interactionwith the Korean
correspondent
• "Clean air 清風 “
Tea ceremony (
Matcha tea)
Sen Rikyu
(1522-1591)
Baisaoh
(1675-1763)
図版出典:『茶道聚錦3千利休』小学館、1983/『若冲と蕪村―生誕三百年同い年の天才絵師』MIHO MUSEUM、2015
Matcha tea 's space
図版出典:『茶道大観』創元社、1977
- 152 -
Sencha tea 's space
図版出典:『青湾茶会図録』1863/『高遊會茗筵図録第三輯』やまと画報社写真部、1932/『建築写真文庫60煎茶室』彰国社、1957
Influence on Sukiya style
Matcha's space
Sencha's space
Fusion of Matcha and Sencha
social culture of Shogunate officials
Social culture of literary people
(Matcha and Sencha as a preference)
Sukiya style
17th century
19th century
- 153 -
目次
1. What is Sukiya?
2. Acquisition of modern publicity
3. Change in physical space
4. Change in conceptual position
5. Summary
- 154 -
The birth of a modern park
Meiji 6 (1873) decree by the Great Council of State
Tokyo: Ueno, Asakusa, Shiba, Shenzhen, Asukiyama
正院達第拾六号 府県ヘ
三府ヲ始、人民輻輳ノ地ニシテ、古来ノ勝区名人ノ致跡地等是迄群集遊観ノ場所
(東京ニ於テハ金竜山浅草寺、東叡山寛永寺境内ノ類、京都ニ於テハ八坂神社境内
嵐山ノ類、然テ此等境内除地或ハ公有地ノ類)従前高外除地ニ属セル分ハ永ク万人
偕楽ノ地トシ、公園ト可被相定ニ付、府県ニ於テ右地所ヲ撰シ其景況巨細取調、図
面相添大蔵省ヘ可伺出事
明治六年一月十五日
太 政 官
図版出典:google map
Sukiya installed in the park
1
Koyo-Kan (fall foliage) hall in Shiba
Park
Development plan of Shiba Park in Tokyo pref. (Meiji 13: 1880)
Because Kaizan is the most winning landscape under
the Shiba Park, (abbreviation), as a space of
entertainment for foreign ministers, the pavilions are
constructed
Land rental application by civilians (Meiji 13: 1880)
Building a very clean house
頗ル清潔ナル家屋
ヲ建築シ、(中略)、内外之貴客高士此楼ニ憩
デ所恥無之程之体裁ヲ相備申度
→ Conscious of a foreigner, emphasizing "Purifying clean" as public
social facilities (Modernization of architecture is also suggested)
図版出典:桐浴邦夫『近代数寄屋建築の黎明 : 公に設置された明治期の数寄屋建築』東京大学博士論文、2000
- 155 -
Sukiya installed in the park
1
Shiba Park and Koyo-Kan (fall
foliage) Hall
+ Noh Theater
+ Matcha room ʹ2
図版出典:桐浴邦夫『近代数寄屋建築の黎明 : 公に設置された明治期の数寄屋建築』東京大学博士論文、2000
Sukiya installed in the park
2
Kōjimachi Park’s Hoshioka Tea
House
As a teacher of tea ceremony
茶道の宗匠松田宗貞翁、寮を
守る、客を迎へて接待す、頗る慇懃なり、茶寮に関する
一切の事務を管理す。
People related to Royal Court
詩歌を吟詠し、書画を揮灑し、文を論し、禪を談し、香
を聞き、琴を撫し、棋を闘し、鞠を蹴す
“elegance and delicacy” traditional hobby
Construction request for tea house by Civilians (Meiji 15)
同所江取設候ハヽ高尚風雅之人ハ勿論、公園来遊之
輩モ自然ト高尚閑雅ノ思想ヲ感動候様立至リ、
improving customs
風俗改良ノ一端トモ相成可候
- 156 -
Sukiya installed in the park
2
Hoshioka Tea House in Kojimachi
Park
→ Public social facilities for Japanese
(With the intention for Improving customs, dynastic culture-centered traditional
culture can be promoted)
Miya room, master carpenter
Carpenters in Kyoto, timber
Tea room, Noh Stage
Sakaiki
茶会記
→ On the tea ceremony led by those who have a taste for the arts, Literary public sphere is established.
Courtesy
Morality
• Discussion on tea ceremonies on magazines
(1932)
図版出典:山荘流茶道教室HP(http://sansouryu.web.fc2.com/souhan.html)/熊倉功夫『近代数寄者の茶の湯』河原書店、1997
/日本国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション
Takahashi Shunan
(1861-1937)
Takaya Tomonori
(1851-1933)
• A tea ceremony portrayed in a newspaper
(1912 -)
Hobby
Entertainment
- 157 -
Traditional culture of Sukiya and tea
ceremony
• Sukiya is a public social space of the modern cities
• Public sphere of tea ceremony occurred through media by the
moderns who had a taste for the arts
Sukiya acquires publicness physically and conceptually, and becomes
a public traditional culture
contents
1. What is Sukiya?
2. Acquisition of modern publicity
3. Change in physical space
4. Change in conceptual position
5. Summary
- 158 -
• Chair
• Glass
• Electrical
• Ventilation plan
Introduction of Western culture, modern
building materials, and equipment
• Chair
• Glass
• Electrical
• Ventilation plan
Introduction of Western culture, modern
building materials, and equipment
- 159 -
• Chair
• Glass
• Electrical
• Ventilation plan
図版出典:矢ケ崎善太郎「建築家・藤井厚二の茶室と茶の湯」『建築史論聚』思文閣出版、 2004
Introduction of Western culture, modern
building materials, and equipment
Changes of the person in charge
施主
Owner
棟梁
Chief
craftsman
宗匠
master
Pre-modern
- 160 -
施主
Owner
棟梁
Chief
craftsman
宗匠
master
三代木津宗詮(1862-1939)
Changes of the person in charge
Changes of the person in charge
施主
Owne
r
棟梁
Chief
craftsman
宗匠
master
小林一三(1873-1957)
- 161 -
Changes of the person in charge
施主
Owner
棟梁
Chief
craftsman
宗匠
master
笛吹嘉一郎(1898-1969)
Changes of the person in charge
施主
Owne
r
棟梁
Chief
craftsman
宗匠
master
施主
Owne
r
建築家
archite
ct
棟梁
Chief
craftsma
n
Post-modern
宗匠
master
design
construction
design
construction
design
Pre-modern
- 162 -
Changes of the person in charge
Owner
棟梁
Chief
craftsma
n
宗匠
master
design
construction
design
Modern Design
Tea ceremony practice
Pre-modern
施主
Owne
r
建築家
archite
ct
棟梁
Chief
craftsma
n
Post-modern
宗匠
master
design
construction
Changes of the person in charge
図版出典:SD編集部『堀口捨己(現代の建築家)』鹿島出版会、 1983
施主
Owne
r
建築家
archite
ct
棟梁
Chief
craftsma
n
Post-modern
宗匠
master
design
construction
- 163 -
目次
1. What is Sukiya?
2. Acquisition of modern publicity
3. Change in physical space
4. Change in conceptual position
5. Summary
Decline of
Matcha 抹茶, the rise of Sencha煎茶
Brew tea ( Sencha Tea
ceremony
)
Tea ceremony (
Matcha tea)
The authority of the Edo shogunate
Literati, noble
Meiji Restoration
- 164 -
Approach to the Emperor
• Shrine's dedication tea
(1880-)
• Dedication to the Emperor
(1887)
図版出典:『茶道聚錦6近代の茶の湯』小学館、1985
Rise of Toyotomi Hideyoshi
明治31年(1898)豊太閤三百年祭大茶会
• 朝鮮出兵
• 大陸進出
年日清戦争
年閔妃暗殺事件
年日露戦争
- 165 -
Removal of Chinese elements
• Sencha decline, Matcha prosperity
大茶会
抹茶 煎茶
1886
北野大茶の湯
300
年記念
〇
1890
利休三百年忌
〇
1895
-
大師会
〇
1898
豊公三百年祭
〇
1902
-
十八会
〇
〇
1915
-
光悦会
〇
1921
東山大茶会
〇
〇
1904
日露戦争
1894
日清戦争
1900
義和団の乱
1912
山中商会
恭親王コレクション買収
1931
満州事変
1937
盧溝橋事件
Attempt to "reconstruction" of Sencha
黄檗山売茶堂落慶煎茶会
1928
一碗からピースフルネスを
" After the World War Two, for the first time, about
the traditional culture world, in particular from the
tea flower world, I have played role in helping
represent the Japanese-American cultural exchange
and international friendship through the tea
ceremony as a representative, understand that
Japanese people love peace culture by the spirit of
the tea ceremony "
“Peacefulness through a Bowl of Tea”
• Construction of a Peace
• tea ceremony master from
Culture State
千家家元
‘s Leap after the war
図版出典:『淡交』淡交社、1951
- 166 -
Public tea-room
• Tea room available for the public
• School free / tasteless
目次
1. What is Sukiya?
2. Acquisition of modern publicity
3. Change in physical space
4. Change in conceptual position
5. Summary
- 167 -
In conclusion
With the passage of parks and modern bourgeoisie, Sukiya style became a traditional Japanese culture.
In the course of traditional culturalization, westernization and modernization were under way.
The change of regime of the Meiji Restoration, the war, the rise of nationalism, postwar democracy had influence.
Although the Chinese element or the Korean element is weak in the current Sukiya-style
architecture, it is the result of developing as a modernism architecture deleting the
strongly infused tea elements such as China and Korea.
In other words, relations not only in the West but also in East Asia have greatly influenced
changes in the modern traditional space.
When seeing the cultural heritage value of Sukiya, it can be seen as Zen tea culture in China during the
Middle Ages, the Ming-Qing’s literary culture and the Korean literary culture in modern times, and the
cultural heritage of the Western Modernist movement in modern times.
I think that it is necessary to pay attention to the spread of cultural heritage and to connect existing
divided heritage, and to share these heritage to everyone in the future, and to pass it with loving care.
thank you for your attention.
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Discussing cultural heritage in the 20th century
East Asian history
- Through the Amrok River Bridge and Supung Dam -
金沢大学 新学術創成研究機構
Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University
Ryuichi Tanigawa (谷川竜一)
Background of the presentation
The modernity of East Asia in the 20th century can not be discussed
without regard to the history of colonization by Japan.
Purpose of presentation
Throughout the history of two symbolic structures, this study considers
the modernity of East Asia in the 20th century.
· Amrok (Yalu, Ch.) River bridge completed in 1911
· Supung Dam (Hydroelectric Power Station) which began operation in
1941
→ Both buildings have not been known internationally as cultural
heritage
→ This study approaches the essential meaning of cultural heritage
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仁川税関(
The Customs Office in Inchon)
度支部建築所『建築所事業概要第一次』
1909年
釜山税関(
The Customs Office in Busan)
度支部建築所『建築所事業概要第一次』
1909年
2. Amrok River Bridge (rotating bridge)
Rotating Amrok(Yalu) River bridge completed in 1911
(間組百年史編纂委員会『間組百年史』
1889-1945、株式会社間組、1989年、
168頁)
2. Amrok River Bridge (rotating bridge)
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Chinese led by 揚国棟 and their caisson construction work
(間組百年史編纂委員会『間組百年史』
1889-1945、株式会社間組、1989年、174頁)
Construction with Goliath crane
(間組百年史編纂委員会『間組百年史』
1889-1945、株式会社間組、1989年、182頁)
2. Amrok River Bridge (rotating bridge)
2. Amrok River Bridge (rotating bridge)
(辛基秀編『昔日の朝鮮』(上)労働経済社、1986年)
As well as everyday, on the days of the
cherry blossom season and other occassion,
many people visited Andong / Shinuiju City.
(辛基秀編『昔日の朝鮮』(上)労働経済社、1986年)
By 1934, the bridge turned twice in the morning
and once in the afternoon.
-時間
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NARA 80-G-Box1731-423495
A Severance of Amrok River Bridge
Right is the cutting part of the end
2. Amrok River Bridge
(rotating bridge)
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Supung dam’s construction site
『間組百年史編纂委員会編『間組百年史 1889-1945』(株式会社間組、1989)
Supung Dam
『間組百年史編纂委員会編『間組百年史 1889-1945』(株式会社間組、1989)
3.Supung Dam
In the Supung Dam, its length 900 m, its height 106 m, power
generation capacity is 700 thousand kW (ultimately, 600 thousand
kW)
3.Supung Dam
Left: Engineers of Nippon Nitrogen Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (Nikkito) who has developed mountains
of North Korea(原田清司『水豊発電所工事大観』土建文化社、1942年)
Right: the Supung Dam became a symbol of Empire Japan at the time of the war between the
US and Japan.(『写真週報』194号、内閣情報局、1941年11月12日(アジア歴史史料センター、A06031078900))
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Completion of the Supung Dam and its construction site
(左下、右端;『日本植民地史』1朝鮮、毎日新聞社、
1978年、221頁。下中央;間組百年史編纂委員会編『間組百年史 1889-1945』株式会社間組、1989年、645頁、左
上;水豊ダム建設を担った技術者である竹林孝一氏提供)
「Supung Dam is Our Pride」
It is not enough to just look at the Supung Dam as a symbol
of the Japanese empire.
As an infrastructure, the Supung Dam has supported North
Korea’s industry and life since independence.
→ The meaning of this dam is open to a polysemous context
『労働新聞』1955年7月29日号、労働新聞社
『雑誌朝鮮』25号、1958年。
In the North Korean magazine
(left, Japanese version) and
"Labor newspaper", the Supung
dam has appeared many times in
the 1950s.
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4. The meaning of cultural heritage is opened to polysemous historical context
The buildings are telling the history of Japan’s Asian invasion in
the first half of the 20th century
→ There is a circumstance that we can not converge to a simple
meaning carefully when we look at history.
4. The meaning of cultural heritage is opened to polysemous historical context
Meaning after the war
Yalu River Bridge
· Memory of cooperation between China and North Korea in the Korean War
· History of American bombing
· Cultural heritage for patriotic education
(Recalling the history of the solidarity between North Korea-China, and the
violence of the US military because the bridge was cut)
Supung Dam
· North Korean people have been primarily restored, constructed and remodeled
· Memory of cooperation with the East-European bloc
· Infrastructure to support industry and life as a symbol of the country
→ The more important active infrastructure that supports modern society, the
more multilayered it means.
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"Politicalization of places to discuss world heritage is proceeding"(稲葉信子「世界遺
産条約の今後」『世界遺産学研究』No.2、筑波大学、2016)
(Nobuko Inaba "The future of the World Heritage Convention" "World Heritage Studies No.2, Tsukuba University, 2016)
→ Cultural heritage shows high affinity with nationalism.
When cultural heritage is linked with nationalism, we forget the meaning
of each one that should be opened polysemously. It (nationalism)
simplifies the meaning.
4. The meaning of cultural heritage opened to polysemous historical context
Q) Imagine a world of distant future without thinking about cultural
heritage first.
→ What cultural heritage the building wil have in a distant future society?
Cultural heritages, though strongly conscious of the past, but tel much
about the future.
4.The meaning of cultural heritage opened to polysemous historical context
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Q) How is it that a society that emphasizes the living community in the
region is made rather than ethic community after 100 years from now?
Q) How can these monuments(buildings) be accepted in the society after
2000 and 3000 from now?
→ Washing in the flow of a long time, these buildings wil have “universal
value” according to their time span and future image to be revealed.
The remarkable universal value is the value we should consider with our
future image.
4.The meaning of cultural heritage opened to polysemous historical context
② To carefully pick up the diverse historic meanings of the building
→ However, in terms of the long term, merely exchanging such polysemous
meanings by people does not make much sense. The important thing is to
create / maintain a platform that can discuss such polysemous meanings
according to the future image of East Asia.
4.The meaning of cultural heritage opened to polysemous historical context
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The philosophy of the substance of the UNESCO supporting the World Heritage
System
“In United Nations (UN), the UNESCO is a specialized agency aiming to promote
international peace and the welfare of mankind, through cooperation and
exchange of education, science and culture of the people"
→ Does UNESCO 's philosophy underpinning the World Heritage System have
the essential meaning and purpose of the cultural heritage?
4.The meaning of cultural heritage opened to polysemous historical context
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Our Heritage & the Sustainable
Development Goals
: Sustainable Cities and Heritage
24 October 2018_National Palace Museum
UNESCO Chair International Conference
Sustainable Conservation of Cultural Heritage in Asia and the Pacific
Jihon Kim
Senior Programme Specialist, Division of Int’l Relations,
Korean National Commission for UNESCO
Adjunct Professor, Cultural Management School,
Sungkunkwan University
Dresden Elbe Valley (Germany)
(2004) World Heritage inscription
(2006) Construction plan for a bridge
crossing core zone of the heritage
-> World Heritage in Danger
(2008) Residents’ vote
-> In favor of construction
(2009) Deletion of the site from the
World Heritage List
-> First cultural heritage site
delisted and only one so far
Delisting of World Heritage
2
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“Heritage is our legacy from the past,
what we live with today,
and what we pass on to
future generations”
Heritage Defined
UNESCO defines heritage as...
3
Creation of World Heritage Convention
3
Background to the World Heritage Convention
- International campaign for the Nubian monuments of Egypt (1959)
Restoration of Venice (1966)
Adoption of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World
Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972)
- 193 States Parties with 1,092 sites on the List
From the Nubian Campaign to the Convention
4
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‘5Cs’ and Local Community
Strategic Objectives (2002)
- Credibility
- Conservation
- Capacity-Building
- Communication
- Community (added in 2007) -> “5Cs”
Role of the Local Community
- 76% of World Heritage sites under development pressure
<- More than the threat from war or natural disaster
- Action needed to recover the linkage between the local community
and heritage to ensure transmission to future generations
5
“Transforming Our World
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” (2015)
UN Sustainable Development Goals
6
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Target 11.4. Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s
cultural and natural heritage
-> Indicator 11.4.1. Total expenditure per capita spent on the
preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and
natural heritage, by type of heritage, level of government, type of
expenditure and type of private funding
UNESCO Conventions and Programmes
SDG 11.4. Heritage
7
Heritage and Identity
Local community identity formed within local heritage
- Tangible/intangible cultural heritage -> Crisis of gentrification
-> Collapse of community
e.g. Kaiping Diaolou and Villages (China)
- MOU with the overseas Chinese owners and involvement of local
people in conservation activities
e.g. Historic Villages of Korea: Hahoe and Yangdong (Republic of Korea)
- Voluntary movement of local people to encourage the younger
generation's participation and local government’s financial support
8
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Heritage and Identity
Research on Heritage within the Community
-> Source of cultural diversity and creativity in local society
e.g. Itaewon (Seoul, Republic of Korea)
- Muslim community interacting with local people while
contributing to cultural understanding
e.g. Seorae Maeul (Seoul, Republic of Korea)
- French community organizing frequent joint events with local
people
9
Heritage and the Economy
e.g. Dongdaemun Design Plaza
(Seoul, Republic of Korea)
- Conservation of the historical
site within the complex
-> Maintaining connections with the
roots of the city
Donovan Lypkema,
『The Economics of Historic Preservation』
- Economic components of the impact of heritage
conservation
1. Jobs and household income from the construction
process
2. Positive impact of heritage designation on
property values
3. Heritage-based city center revitalization efforts
4. Facilitation of small scale business
5. Heritage tourism
10
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Heritage and the Economy
e.g. Namhansanseong (Republic of Korea)
- World Heritage inscription in 2014
- Research on the economic impact (2014) reports:
$350 million USD investment for conservation for 20 years
-> $800 million production inducement effect
-> $330 million added value
-> 3,695 jobs created
11
Heritage and the Future
Responsibility of Local Community
- Starting from research on their own
heritage
e.g. City of Icheon (UNESCO Creative City
of Crafts and Folk Art since 2010)
- Analysis on the current situation
and nurturing creative industries
Importance of ‘Transmitters’
- Formal/informal education on local
heritage for younger generations
- Involvement of local people through
festivals and special programmes
e.g. Culture of Jeju Haenyeo (Intangible
Cultural Heritage since 2016)
- Establishment of Haenyeo School
12
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THANK YOU-!
(04536) 26 Myeongdong-gil (UNESCO Road), Jung-gu, Seoul, Rep. of Korea jhkim@unesco.or.kr
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Integrating
sustainability
into
local context
: needs and challenges
SUJEONG LEE
Cultural Heritage Administration
Concept
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Sustainable development
“to ensure that it meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs” (The Brundtland Report , 1987)
Role of Heritage in Sustainable development
“Emphasising the value and potential of cultural heritage
wisely used as a resource for sustainable development and
quality of life in a constantly evolving society” (Faro Convention,
2005)
Sustainability in Heritage
to sustain value of heritage in order for us to use as a
resource by managing change to meet the present needs
without compromising the ability of future generations to
use it as their resource
Sustainable development - sustainability in heritage
Sustainability in Evolving concept of Heritage
Per
specti
ve
Material remains
Tangible object
Past-present-future
Tangible, intangible
Inheritance
Public asset
Resource
Improving quality of life
Public resource
Conse
rv
ati
on
Freezing
Protection
Preservation
Repair
Restoration
Rational decision-making
Social Process
value-based
public practice
Managing Change
Sustaining Values
Sustainability
Her
itag
e
Single item : movable,
immovable(artistic
object, building,
monument, statue,
bridge, etc)
Site or Area : ruins,
fortress, tombs, scenic site,
etc
Compound :
Religious(Buddhist,
confuscian, Taoist, etc)
City, vil ages, or town :
historic town, ancient
capital city
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International Context
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1. Value-based conservation
: identification & interpretation
2. Rational decision-making
: impact on significance
3. Community involvement
: participation & initiator
Key principles in Sustainability
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Local Context
1. Value-based conservation
: legal frameworks, research capacity, knowledge
2. Rational decision-making
: procedures for impact vs significance
: human resources
3. Community involvement
: wil ing to participate
: level of understanding heritage value by community
: identification of community
Problems & dilemmas
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1. Value-based conservation
: established legal statement & procedures
‘(article 2) The term "cultural heritage" in this Act means artificially or
naturally formed national, racial, or world heritage of outstanding
historic,
artistic, academic, or scenic value, (Cultural Heritage Protection Act)
: lacking principles and philosophy in practice
Korean Case
Value identification
Value management and
protection
Value dissemination
research
designation
Conservation
Restoration
Repair, etc
Use & access
Heritage programme
2. Rational decision-making
: clear principle
‘( Article 3)The basic principle for the preservation, management, and
utilization of cultural heritage is to preserve them in their
original
state.’(Cultural Heritage Protection Act)
: mis-interpreting value & significance
Korean Case
research
designation
Conservation
Restoration
Repair, etc
Use & access
Heritage programme
Value assessment, impact vs need
Rational decision-making
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3. Community involvement
: private right only without public value of
heritage requesting less restriction
Korean Case
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Designated area in Historic city (Gongju)
World Heritage & Buffer Zone in Historic city (Gongju)
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1. re-examining policy & procedure
: ideal vs practice
2. Training & education in practive
: government-site managers-architect(conservator)
3. regional discussion
A Way forward
Cultural Heritage Administration
slee70@korea.kr
SUJEONG LEE
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