PDF문서[자료집] 2018_유네스코 석좌 국제컨퍼런스 자료집.pdf

닫기

background image

background image

background image

background image

background image

background image

background image

background image

- 8 -


background image

- 9 -

On-site survey 

 

The Traditional materials : 

Endangered adhesives 

in Southeast Asia 

Jia YU, Yongjae CHUNG 

Seonhye JEONG, Ikgyun IM, Songe YOU 

 

Dept. of Heritage Conservation and Restoration 

Graduate School of Cultural Heritage 


background image

- 10 -

 

• A Words that are used to bond two objects together. 
• It appear in a form of liquid at first. But when it is dried, the adhesion become stiff and strong.

Natural 

adhesive 

Animal adhesive (Glue) 

Plant adhesive (Starch) 

Resin adhesive (Lacquer) 

Resin adhesive (Bitumen, Tar) 


background image

- 11 -

pigment 

wood 

media 

(adhesive) 

• A material are used when attaching metal, wood, etc. 
      After scarring the lacquer skin and liquid resin can be obtained. 
• From past to present, it has been regarded as a valuable material 

in Asia and has been used in paint, adhesive, reinforcing agent. 

Lacquer used as adhesive material for large earthenware 

Animal glue and lacquer used in wood 

Characterization of Asian and European Lacquers 

Historical map of regions in Asia where lacquer-producing trees grow 

© Getty Conservation Institute 


background image

- 12 -

Chemical structure of urushiol 

Chemical structure of animal glue 

Unconsolidated 

Adhesive, Paint, 

Lacquer 

Low Humidity 

High Humidity 

High Temperature 

Low Temperature 

Decay 

Painting layer, 

Adhesive 

Animal 

Glue 

Lacquer 

(Relatively) High Temperature and Humidity 

(Relatively) Low Temperature and Humidity 

Animal Glue 

Lacquer 


background image

- 13 -

We Create 

a analysis database 

for natural materials 

in Asia 

We survey countries and interview with local 

people. We collect and archive natural 

materials used in local sites. Also we 

scientifically analyze natural materials to 

make a database. 

To get 

information, 

interview 

with local 

people 

Interview 

Investigation 

of city, 

country, and 

materials 

Survey 

Archive and 

collection of 

samples 

Collection 

Scientific data 

analysis of 

samples for 

DB 

Analysis 

 


background image

- 14 -

Town of Luang Prabang 

Criterion (ii)  Luang Prabang reflects the exceptional 

fusion of Lao traditional architecture and 19th and 

20th century European colonial style buildings. 
 

Criterion (iv)  Luang Prabang is an outstanding 

example of an architectural ensemble built over the 

centuries combining sophisticated architecture of 

religious buildings, vernacular constructions and 

colonial buildings. 
 

Criterion (v)  The unique townscape of Luang 

Prabang is remarkably well preserved, illustrating a 

key stage combination of two distinct cultural 

traditions. 

© UNESCO / Author : Francesco Bandarin 

Registration Year 
1995 
 
Registered Sector 
Town of Luang Prabang 
 
Historical Function 
Politics (Royal capital) 
 
Administrative Status 
Chief city of the province of 

Luang Prabang 
 
Regional Secretariat 
ASIA-PACIFIC 

11 

Preservation, restoration, monitoring, etc. of towns and buildings 

In  particular,  the  education  for  understanding  residents  of  Old  Town  and  the 

support of traditional village events.

12 


background image

- 15 -

preferentially 

13 

Residents of Old Town are being trained on the meaning of UNESCO and the necessity for 
preservation. Monks and craftsmen are being trained to hand down traditional materials and 
techniques. There is an organization that educates the manufacture and preservation of Buddha 
statues, weaving of fabrics, and dyeing techniques, which are open to tourists.

14 


background image

- 16 -

Prof. Thaviphone Phengsavat (Traditional of fine arts college Luang Prabang Laos) 

Interview | 2018. 8. 17 | Luang Prabang, Laos 

He is a professor of the Traditional of fine arts college Luang Prabang Laosand and teaches traditional woodcraft 
and painting. The arts school in Laos is located in four major cities (Vientiane, Luang Prabang, Pakse, savannakhet). 

In the past, they used glue made from boiled cowhide (about 40 to 45 years ago). Because it was considered to be harder than 

cement, they mixed wood, stone, and glue to use as finishing material for the exterior wall of a building or stone pagoda. It 
is also used by fermenting leaves in a jar and mixing them with sticky stone powder. 

The plant adhesive was used to attach signboards, etc. before the synthetic adhesive was introduced. However, since the strength 

of adhesive is not good, it was used as attaching it again when it fell during rain. 

The Cultural Heritage Administration recommends traditional methods, but it takes a lot of money and time to make artifacts 

and to repair them traditionally. 

15 

Prof. Thaviphone Phengsavat (Traditional of fine arts college Luang Prabang Laos) 

Interview | 2018. 8. 17 | Luang Prabang, Laos 

-  KEEKANG(A lump of resin) : The resin of wood are gathered and shaped, and roasted on a large pan to make a lump.    

   When it is heated, it melts. And when the temperature falls, it hardens again. 

   It is used as an adhesive when hardly fixing the metal blade and the wooden handle like a hoe. 

 

- KEESEE(A powder of pine resin) : It is made from pine trees around March to April, mainly oil are mixed together. 

When making ship, it is applied on wood surface to be used as finishing material for waterproof treatment. 

 

- LACQUER : The trees that can sap lacquer are less distributed in Laos and about 3 hours away from Luang Prabang. 

In the past, there were people who specialize in saping, but now there are few, mainly it is imported from Thailand and 

Japan. Since Laos has mainly made leaves by weaving them, there are few wooden and porcelain bowls. Making crafts 

using lacquer is mainly used for religious purposes. In the lunar New Year or on every festival, lacquer is usually used 

in a bowl for the monks at the temple. Also, lacquer was used to attach gold leaf to a Buddha statues, but since the 

collected amount of lacquer is very less, it is mainly used to paint. It is mixed with ashes, puts the pattern into the 

carved frame, pulls it out, and attaches it to the Buddha statues. Wood powder is not used traditionally because it is 

weak in water. 

16 


background image

- 17 -

Wat Xieng Thong Temple 

1) History and architecture 

 

 Wat Xieng Thong was built 1559-1560 by the Lao King Setthathirath near where 

the Mekong and Nam Khan rivers join. Until 1975 the wat was a royal temple under 

the patronage of the royal family and the Lao kings were crowned in the wat. 
 The wat is considered as representing typical Laos art and craft. The building of the 

wat have carved gilded wooden doors depicting scenes from Buddha's life. 
 A number of restorations have taken place in the 20th century, including a notable 

one in which the French participated. In 1928, when the French Governor General 

visited  Luang  Prabang,  the  King  Sisavangvong  successfully  demanded  that  the 

French share in the cost of restoration. Major projects took place in the 1950s and 

1960s, when the funerary carriage house was built, and especially in more  recent 

times to repair the damage brought by years of damage from wars and neglect. 

 

2) Survey of materials and techniques 

 

 The  main hall, where the  mural decoration “Tree of life” is located, is decorated 

with glass mosaic on the outside and plated with plating decorations on the inside. 

The  interior  decoration  technique  was  confirmed  through  visual  observation.  The 

plating of the decorative area was shaped using mortar and painted on the surface. 

The gold colored part of the outer layer appears to be painted red in the lower layer 

to improve the color of gold. 

 In addition, stencil technique was used for patterns using gold color on the black 

background layer. The stencil is a technique to print or decorate the shape with ink 

or dye using a cut out pattern or a picture, and it seems to be decorated with a gold 

gild  on  the  pattern.  This  technique  was  restored  by  the  same  US  team  who 

participated in restoration of main hall from 2011 to 2014. 

17 

18 


background image

- 18 -

 

Through on-site survey, 

We investigated the status of natural materials in Luang Prabang. 
      Collected traditional materials in Laos. 
      Confirmed efforts to conserve Town of Luang Prabang. 

We will present the analysis results of collected samples, 

20 


background image

- 19 -

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

Natural adhesive and 

conservation material 

(Luang Prabang, Laos) 

Collecting of 

analysis data 

(Xian, China) 

Natural adhesive 

and Varnish 

(Bagan, Myanmar) 

Animal glue, Fish glue 

(Ulan Bator, Mongolia) 

Construction of 

database 

Collecting of Animal 

glue and analysis data 

(Kyoto, Japan) 

Construction of 

database 

PLANT 

MATERIALS 

ANIMAL 

MATERIALS 

21 


background image

- 20 -

Traditional Textiles : Uzbekistan’s IKAT

2018 UNESCO Chair program : Field Survey of Traditional Methods and Techniques

Sim Yeon Ok 〮 Lee Sun Yong 〮 Shin So Hee 〮 Park Geun Il

Korea National University of Cultural Heritage

General Graduate School 

Dept. of Traditional Arts and Crafts

Traditional Clothing & Textile Major

Background

IKAT is the textile weaved with a weft threads dyed a pattern with tieing technique

IKAT is the traditional textile used in Central Asia and South-East Asian region

IKAT

IKAT market


background image

- 21 -

Background

The ancient record, Johaju(朝霞紬) which is assumed to IKAT is founded is Samguksagi(三國史記)

However the technique is discontinued, therefore it requires a effort to reproduce and pass
down of the technique

In 2017, “Margilan Crafts Development Centre, safeguarding of the Adras and Atlas making 
traditional technologies” of Uzbekistan is designated on the Register of Good Safeguarding 
Practices by UNESCO

MCDC Front door nameplate

Johaju(朝霞紬) from Samguksagi(三國史記)

Summary

Atlas Bayrami festival and interview

Atlas Bayrami

Object : Uzbekistan IKAT Textiles(Adras,  Atlas) 

Date : 12th. Sep. 2018 ~ 21th. Sep. 2018

Atlas Bayrami (2018. 09. 11 ~ 2018. 09. 15)


background image

- 22 -

Cooperation : Culture Department at the National Commission of Uzbekistan for UNESCO

Margilan Craft Development Center(MCDC)

Subject : Korea National University of Cultural Heritage, General Graduate School

Dept. of Traditional Arts and Crafts, Traditional Clothing & Textile Major
Prof. Sim Yeon Ok

Summary

Margilan

Region of survey


background image

- 23 -

19-20C Uzbekistan IKAT photo

The types and history of traditional IKAT

Traditional weaving techniques of IKAT making

Transmission and application of traditional IKAT

Object


background image

- 24 -

The management and preservation of traditional IKAT techniques with MCDC as the center

MCDC(Margilan Crafts Development Centre)

The types and history of traditional IKAT

Types of IKAT 

Adras

: Plain

Atras

: Satin 

Bachmal : Cut Pile

The types and history of traditional IKAT

Education and transmission of IKAT traditional technique by master system 
- Management of MCDC : Rasuljon Mirjazmedof, IKAT master
- Implementation of education and managing of IKAT techniques in in  Margilan
- Traditional techniques of IKAT is passed down with apprenticeship education
- Approximately 60% of Margilan population is working in IKAT industry 

IKAT Master, Rasuljon Mirjazmedof

Master’s family tree


background image

- 25 -

Traditional weaving techniques of IKAT making

Demonstration of IKAT master, interview and taking a photo

Research of equipment, process, material of IKAT making

IKAT Master interview

IKAT Studio in House

Uzbekistan IKAT weaving process

Dyeing

Filature

Weaving

Winding

Warping

Finishing


background image

- 26 -

Pattern dyeing process

Non-

Weaved 

Part

Weaved 

Part

Dyeing

Pattern matching, after thread dyeing

Thread  dyeing

IKAT loom


background image

- 27 -

Present condition for passing down and promoting of traditional crafts

Research of IKAT market and festival, Atlas Bayrami

History and culture of IKAT is preserved in Margilan more than other regions 

IKAT is normally used in Margilan

IKAT dress in Margilan

Margilan market

The effort of passing down for traditional technique of IKAT

Connecting with the school education system for transmission of traditional IKAT technique

Traditional techniques is passed down with the apprentice education system

Unification of IKAT system with MCDC as the center

Present condition for passing down and promoting of traditional crafts


background image

- 28 -

Diverse project is performed  with using IKAT in home and abroad

A continuous policy and support in a support of government

A Continuous development and protection for traditional techniques

To promote in a domestic

To promote a interest of abroad

Present condition for passing down and promoting of traditional crafts

Fashion show

Exhibition

Gala show

2018 UNESCO Chair program : Field Survey of Traditional Methods and Techniques

Korea National University of Cultural Heritage

General Graduate School 

Dept. of Traditional Arts and Crafts

Traditional Clothing & Textile Major


background image

- 29 -

”…Š‹–‡…–—”‡–‡ƒ

Songyue Pagoda(520)

Great Stupa at Sanchi(3rd-1st BCE)

Ziggurat of Ur(BC 2100)


background image

- 30 -

Khmer Empire

It existed for 9-15 centuries including Angkor dynasty. 

The capital was Angkor, which is located in Siem Reap, Cambodia. 

Khmer Culture

Khmer culture evolved largely from that of the Indian sub-
continent, from which it soon became clearly distinct as it 
developed its own special characteristics, some independently 
evolved and others acquired from neighboring cultural traditions.

The result was a new artistic horizon in oriental art and 
architecture.

Angkor was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage in 1992.

Map of Southeast Asia 900 CE; 

Khmer Empire in red

Sambor Prei Kuk

(610-650)

Prei Kmeng

(635-700)

Kampong Preah

(700-800)

Kulen

(825-875)

Preah Ko
(877-886)

Bakheng
(889-923)

Koh Ker

(921-944)

Pre Rup

(944-968)

Oc-Eo

Sambor Prei Kuk


background image

- 31 -

The Khmer brick architecture can be divided into depending on the expansion of interior space and
the development of opening reinforcement method.


background image

- 32 -

Mean size of ancient bricks: around 300 x 150 x 70mm

Brick Bonding Method

- Polishing masonry: Rub bricks to put the contact faces together closely without using a masonry joint.
- Mortar masonry: Lay bricks by using mortar, which was made by mixing slaked lime and wood resin.

A brickwork method: Lay bricks by using wedge bricks, lay bricks after making it flat, brick carving skill
for matching brick

(PARK Donghee, 2015)

Brick masonry pattern 

Header bond

Stretcher bond 1 + Header bond 2

Stretcher bond

English bond

Leid on end

Brick finish 

Plaster 

Plaster on it after surfacing it

Coloring 


background image

- 33 -

Plaster 

Plaster on it after surfacing it

Brick Size: about 280 x 140 x 60 mm 

Brick types: Rectangular, square, and curved bricks

Brick masonry pattern : Stretcher bond 1 + Header bond 1, Stretcher bond, header bond and 

Mix brick and stone 

Brick finish: Only trace of coloring was found. There was no separate finishing such as plaster, it 

used patterned bricks instead. Moreover, it used roof tiles on the roof-top to protect the roof-

top from rainfalls. 

안동 임하사

전탑지 곡면전

운흥동

5층전탑 옥개부 기와와 석전혼용

울산 중산리사지 전탑

()과 청도 불령사 전탑의 문양전()


background image

- 34 -

XRD 

TG-DTA 

벽돌 단면 현미경 관찰


background image

- 35 -


background image

- 36 -


background image

- 37 -


background image

- 38 -


background image

- 39 -

CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION  

PRINCIPLES IN ANGKOR PARK

By  Mr. SY Basith ( Engineer)

APSARA  AUTHORITY

OCTOBER 2018

CONTENT:

I. INTRODUCTION
II. ICC  ANGKOR 
III. ANGKOR CHARTER

1.Principles of Angkor Charter
2.Organization of the project

IV.  INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION BETWEEN    

APSARA AUTHORITHY  AND  KCHF

V. CONCLUSION

2


background image

- 40 -

I.INTRODUCTION

3

Area                181 ,035 km2
Population     15,957,223 (2016)

Capital             Phnom Penh

Angkor Park :  Siem Reap 

Province  ,surface 401km2,

91 temples

Image: D. Evans

ANGKOR WORLD HERITAGE SITE 

December 14, 1992: Inclusion of Angkor on World Heritage list in Danger

June/July, 2004: Angkor taken off the list of  World Heritage in Danger and put on the        

World Heritage list.


background image

- 41 -

II.ICC ANGKOR 

• ICC-Angkor (International Coordinating Committee for the 

Safeguarding and Development of the Historic Site of Angkor)

• Setting up in 1993   following the condition The World 

Heritage Committee ask the Royal Government of Cambodia 

to completed some conditions as below 

1- Enact adequate protective legislation(law on protection of  

national cultural heritage)

2- Establish an adequately staffed national protection 

agency ( create Apsara  Authority )

3- Establish permanent boundaries based on the UNDP 

project 

4- Define meaningful buffer  zones (Plan Zones)

5-Establish monitoring and coordination of the 

internationally conservation effort (ICC Angkor)

5

• ICC Angkor create to protect ,preserve and 

develop the vas cultural heritage site of 

Angkor .

• Committee holds 2 meeting each year one a 

technical session ,the other plenary by co-

chair Japan and France ,while UNESCO 

provides the service of secretariat and 

covers all costs related to the mission of the 

ad hoc expert group for conservation

• ICC-Angkor members : Germany, 

Australia,Belgium, Brunei ,Cambodia, 

Canada,Denmark,Egypt, Spain , USA ,Russia , 

France, Grecce, Hungry ,India, Indonesia, 

Italy, Japan ,Laos, Luxemburg ,Malaysia, 

Mexico, Norway, New zerland ,Netherlands, 

,Korea republic, China, Singapore, Srilanka, 

Sweden , Thailand, Tunesia, Viet Nam ,EU, 

ADB , IMF, FAO, ICCROM,ICOMOS, UNESCO, 

UNDP.WMF

Plenary and Technical Session


background image

- 42 -

III. ANGKOR  CHARTER 

7

For the past 20 years, experts have been   

meeting and discussing the technical issues 

involved in cultural heritage safeguarding at 

Angkor. This document aims at outlining the 

consensus of opinion on key questions. These 

guidelines wil  assist heritage professionals in 

planning and implementing appropriate 

conservation and restoration operations. 

TEXT REVISIONS           OUT PUT                     DATE

1st revision                              Draft                           20 Nov 2002

2nd revision                             Draft                           20 Dec 2002

3rd revision                             Draft                           30 Jun 2003

4th revision                             Draft                           24 Sep 2003

5th revision                             Draft                           13 Feb 2004

6th revision                             Draft                           14 Dec 2004

7th revision                             Draft                           22 Dec 2004

8th revision                             Draft                           01 Mar 2005

9th revision                             Draft                           15 Jul 2005

10th revision                           Draft                           30 Nov 2005

11th revision                           Draft                           31May 2006

12th revision                           Draft                           23 Jun 2011

13th revision                           Draft                           29 Feb  2012

14th revision                           Draft                           07 Sep 2012

15th revision                           Final                            05 Dec 2012 

‘”‹‰ ”‘—’

Giorgio Croci (Chairman) 

UNESCO Expert 

Azedine Beschaouch 

ICC-Angkor Secretary 

Anne Lemaistre 

UNESCO Representative 

Mounir Bouchenaki 

UNESCO Expert 

Pierre-André Lablaude 

UNESCO Expert 

Hiroyuki Suzuki 

UNESCO Expert 

Kenichiro Hidaka 

UNESCO Expert 

Simon Warrack 

ICCROM 

Claude Jacques 

EFEO 

Pascal Royère 

EFEO

Christophe Pottier 

EFEO 

Chau Sun Kerya 

APSARA 

Ros Borath 

APSARA 

Tan Boun Suy 

APSARA 

Hang Peou   (APSARA)

Takeshi Nakagawa (JASA)

Yoshinori Iwasaki (JASA)

Ichita Shimoda  (JASA)

Soeur Sothy (JASA)

Hans Leisen  (GACP)

Esther von Plehwe-Leisen 

GACP 

Thomas Warscheid 

GACP 

Valter Maria Santoro 

IGeS 

Glenn Boornazian 

WMF 

Janhwij Sharma 

ASI 

D.S. Sood 

ASI 

Hou Weidong 

CSA 

Marie-Françoise André 

GEOLAB 

Yoshiaki Ishizawa 

University of Sophia

Roland Fletcher 

University of Sydney

Michel Verrot 

French MoCC 

1.Principles of Angkor Charter

8

•The value and authenticity of archi -

tectural heritage cannot be assessed with 

set criteria as each culture is different 

and has to be respected as such, and 

requires that its physical heritage be 

considered within the cultural context it 

belongs to 

•A full understanding of the structural 

behavior and characteristics of the 

constituent materials is essential for any 

conservation and restoration project. 

Research should be carried out on the 

original and earlier states of the 

structures, on the building techniques 

and construction methods used, on 

subsequent changes, on the various 

phenomena that impacted the structure, 

and finally, on its present state 

•Each intervention should, as far as possible, 

respect the original concept, construction 

techniques and historical value of the 

structure and the historical record that it 

provides 

•Preventive archaeological research or 

archaeological surveying must be done 

upstream from any conservation work on the 

Angkor site. 

•The characteristics of any new materials used 

in restoration work and their compatibility 

with existing materials should be fully 

established.

•All conservation control and monitoring 

activities should be documented and retained 

as part of the history of the structure. 

•Dismantling and reassembly should only be 

undertaken when required by the nature of 

the materials and structure and/or when 

conservation by other means is more 

damaging 


background image

- 43 -

2.Organization of the Project

9

The conservation and/or restoration project should include the following activities, 

summarized  in the following 

Planning: This includes the first contacts, preliminary site visits, the definition of the 

aims and objectives, formulation of the work plan, the budget and schedule and the 

distribution of tasks. 

Acquisition of data: This includes the collection of all data regarding the history of the 

object to be conserved or restored, its iconography, construction, previous 

conservation and restoration interventions, social research, and preparation of plans 

and documentation forms; photographic documentation, picture monitoring, current 

condition, mapping and documentation of materials, execution techniques, 

examination of materials and agents of decay. This phase concerns also the 

preparation of a clear investigation plan, the “anamnesis.” 

Diagnosis and safety evaluation: On the basis of the acquired data and the structural 

analysis, the causes of damage and decay and the present safety levels have to be 

examined case by case and evaluated.

Therapy: Tailoring of the measures to ensure the safety and durability of the structure

Controls: Quality control surveys implemented during and after the 

conservation/preservation operations, including a long-term maintenance plan 

IV.INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION  BETWEEN    

APSASA AUTHORITHY  AND  KCHF

10

Preah Pithu Temple Group


background image

- 44 -

Temple

T

Photo archives

- EFEO

OUTCOMES OF PREAH PITHU PROJECT

12

• Research Study

• Capacity Development

• Equipment Support

• Conservation and Restoration

• Architecture

• Archaeology

• religion

• Structural analysis

• Biology

• Topographic survey

• 3D scanning

• Ground and water survey

▪ Short-term invitational 

training

▪ Mid-term invitational 

training

▪ Theory and Onsite 

training

Exhibition hall

installation  near  Temple

Research Study

Capacity Development

Equipment Support

Laboratory  Installation for 
Conservation in office

Conservation and Restoration

▪ Cruciform terrace of Temple T

▪ Emergency reinforcement and repair

▪ Planning of restoration and management


background image

- 45 -

Project schedule

Division

Description

2015

2016

2017

2018

Preliminary

Research

Actual survey 
Ground and water 
Stone conservation
Pre-excavation
Historical research
Structural stability
Restoration, management

Conservati

on and 

Repair

Terrace repair 
Emergency reinforcement
Environmental

Capacity 

Onsite training

Invitational training
Equipment support

PM

Exhibition hall
Report 

13 / 50

Conservation and Restoration Project of the Preah Pithu Temple Group in Angkor Complex

V.CONCLUSION

14

• In Cambodia all the projects conservation restoration 

followed by recommendation ICC and Angkor Charter 

especially in Angkor Park

• AngKor park  need  Human Resource for conservation and 

restoration because some cultural Heritage sites much more 

need restoration and conservation.

• The cooperation between Apsara  Authority and 

International organization is very importance especially the 

training  to helps Cambodians technical can  continuous 

work on the project and manage the preservation of the 

temple in the future.


background image

- 46 -

THANK YOU!


background image

- 47 -

By  

Mr. SYTHA Visaradaputra (Archeologist) 

2018.10.24

APASARA Authority

INDEX

I.

Introduction

II.

Process of Ultrasonic Wave Testing

1

Required Steps Before Measurement

2- Measurement

3- Calculation of Values

4- Visualization

Ⅲ. Conclusion


background image

- 48 -

I. Introduction

Ultrasonic wave, combines the Latin roots Ultra, meaning

Beyond and sonic, or sound.

The field of ultrasonic have application for imaging

detection

and navigation.

The broad sectors of society that regularly apply ultrasonic

technology are the medical community, industry, the military

and private citizens and

also in culture heritage site.

Date

09/17

09/18

09/19

09/20

09/21

Contents

Method of 

Ultrasonic 

wave

Practice how to 

use Ultrasonic 

equipment

Practice 

on real 

stone and 

try to 

calculate

Visualization

Lecture 

Overview

• Projest Name : 4th Mid-Term Invitational Training Course

• Date :  2018/09/17 – 2018/09/21

• Location : Korea National University of Cultural Heritage, 

Korea Cultural Heritage Foundation

• Lecturer : Choi Hyunk Guk, Lim Sangdon, Yoon Woongyu

• Interpreter : Hye Seon Park

• Attendance : 

Bot, Basith, Lyn, Tey, 


background image

- 49 -

II. Processing measurements

1

• Required Steps before Measurement

2

• Measurement

3

• Calculation of Values

4

• Visualization

• Summary of Process

1. Required steps before measurements

1- Put a small amount of shear wave coupling gel on the transducers.

2- Firmly press the transducers on either side of the 25µs calibration-rod.

Make sure that the coupling gel is properly distributed and that no air is 

trapped between the transducer and the calibration rod.

3 -Connect the transducers to Pundit Lab.

4- Select the 250 KHz transducer from the list of supported transducers.

5- Zero the instrument as described in the Pundit Lab


background image

- 50 -

Equipment

UK1401

Ultracon-170

Ultracon-150

coupling gel

2. Measurement

Finding a total of material rang by classified  X,Y,Z 

axis.

Make the points on the objects.

Make the same on the another surfaces of objects


background image

- 51 -

Collect  a data by using 

Ultracon 170 

and UK1401

finding a smooth surface of the object.

Put the transducers on the points and 

push with the strong power. 

Try to do a many time on the same point 

if get a different values. 

Note the data of values.

Ultracon 170 and 150 can be get a values 

2 ways, direction and indirection.

UK1401 can get only one way, direction.

3.Calculate value

The formula for calculate value:

After we have value by noting from the Equipment, we need 

to follow the formula below for calculate :
Ultrasonic Velocity 

𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 =

𝑑𝑑𝑣𝑣𝑑𝑑𝑣𝑣𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣

𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑡𝑡𝑣𝑣

-Distance : Each point to another points
-Time    : The data showing on equipment screen.


background image

- 52 -

Calculate by hands

Making a note about data values

Example of Excel File to Calculate the Values


background image

- 53 -

4.Visualization 

Before make a visualization:

Collect a value from excel

Drawing a symbol of structure in AutoCAD

Input data of measurement in to surfer file

Putting a surfer data to Photo Shop and apply it on the

symbol structure.

Input data  in to surfer file

And Make Distribution Chart

Apply it on the symbol structure in auto CAD

Symbol structure drawing in Auto CAD file 


background image

- 54 -

Ultrasonic wave, It’s very important for cultural heritage sites and

we can use this experience to do in the fieldwork in our country

and focusing on stone materials, especially sand stone.

However, before use the ultrasonic wave test in real field,

Cambodia

needs

to

research

about

sandstone

materials(components, origins, etc.) and calculation formula.

Nowadays, Cambodia site doesn’t have enough material,

technique for using in field site, so after we got new knowledge,

we can improve our site much better in conservation and

restoration method in the future.

Ⅲ. Conclusion

Thank you 

for your attention 


background image

- 55 -

1. Introduction

2. Angkor Thom Gate 

2.1 History 
2.2 Restoration Work

3. Hwaseong Fortress

3.1 History

3.2 Restoration Work

4. The difference      

5. Conclusion


background image

- 56 -

• What is the Fortress?
• A fortress is a large building or complex of 

buildings used as a military stronghold. In a 

military sense, a fortress is often called a “fort." 

From its original sense of stronghold, the 

word fortress has stretched to include strongholds 

in a more figurative sense.

• From very early history to modern times fortress 

have been a necessity for many cities. 


background image

- 57 -

Location: Siem Reap Province 
Layout:    3km x 3km walled and moated 
By: King Jayavarman VII in 12th century was a 
royal city (last capital of the Angkorian empire) 

The new city began with existing structures such 
as Baphuon and Phimeanakas, building a grand 
enclosed city around them, adding the outer 
wall/moat and raising the important temples 
called Bayon set at the center of the city.

2.1 History

Angkor Thom

Angkor Wat Temple

North Gate

East Gate

Angkor Thom layout

Bayon Temple

Preah Pithu Temple

Phimeanakas Temple

South Gate


background image

- 58 -

Main cause by the decay, water 

penetration, tree growing on stone wall 

and the restoration in the past.

2011

It was damaged by 

heavy rain and storm

12th Century

Angkor Thom was built

2014

Start restoration 4 places (83m)

. North 59m

. North East 8m

. South 16m

2016

Was finished restoration 

4places 83m

1960

Some part was 

collapsed

2018

Reinforcement and 

restoration of some 

part that was 

collapsed in 1960

Year ??

Restored by the next 

generation of King 

2.2 Restoration Work

• General solution on enclosure wall structure of Angkor 

Thom

- Filling Soil in the hole to prevent water from being   

stagnant inside and lead water to flow to the side

- Cleaning and make slop on internal stone wall
- Cut tree branched on stone wall structure to make a  

clear way for a visitor

- To maintenance on the stonewall structure that  

collapsed

- To control, maintain constantly on the whole city wall

Solving a problem on the stone wall structure

The restoration project of 

Angkor Thom Gate in 2018:


background image

- 59 -

• Technical for reinforcement and restoration enclosure 

wal

1. Leveling and survey existing data before dismantled.
2. Remove collapse soil and survey foundation.
3. Dismantle stones, fine the stones at the original 

location and reassembling stone test.

4. Excavation (Archeological survey)
5. Reinforce the foundation, flat form of foundation and 

installing enclosure wall.

6. Compacting soil layer follow the original layer.

The cause of the fall enclosure wall structure 

collapse: remain water on enclosure wall, 

the water flows on enclosure wall, trees 

grow on enclosure wall and roots destroy 

stone wall structure, the bottom has been 

decay and lost some part, the stone wall 

width are thin and support soil in behind 

easy to collapte. So the enclosure wall 

structure need to counterfort wall (battress). 

Before and After restoration


background image

- 60 -

Location: Suwon, Gyeongigido, South 
Korea. 
Layout: 4.2 km with no Moat 
By: King Jeongjo 18th century  

King Jeongjo apparently built Hwaseong
Fortress to prepare for a move of the 
capital from Seoul to Suwon. 

3.1 History

Hwaseong Fortress plan


background image

- 61 -

- 1975: Reconstruction work began. (according to 

“Hwaseong Seongyeokuigwe” record.

- 1979: Completed
- December, 6, 1997: listed as a World heritage site.
“Hwaseong Seongyeokuigwe” was published in 

1800, shortly after King Jeongjo died. It proved 

invaluable for the reconstruction effort in 1970 

after serveraly damaged during the Korean War. 

- The volumes were divided by:
• Covering plans for the building, including 

blueprints and a list of supervisor.

• Detail the actual implementation of the building, 

such as royal orders and records of the wages of 

the workers.

• Supplement and detail the construction of the 

adjoining palace, Haenggung.

• The records also detail the amounts of different 

material used.

3.2 Restoration Work

Hwaseong Seongyeokuigwe

Hwaseong Fortress plan

1935-1937

Full scale repair work

1794 

Janganmun gate was 

completed construction

1848

It was rebuilt and 

repaired  

1846 

It was damage by 

flood

1976

The reconstruction 

work finished.

1950

It was bombing by the 

world war

Janganmun Gate 

Bombing by the world war in 1950

Bombing by the world war in 1950

Janganmun Gate now

Bombing by the world war in 1950

Bombing by the world war in 1950


background image

- 62 -

1913

Paldalmun repair 

construction drawing in 

Japanese colonial period

1929 

Drawing Paldalmun Ong-

Seong construction work

1976

Detail drawing design 

of Ong-Seong

1975

-A drawing on reconstruction of Padal-mun

designed by Samaseong Architectural Firm. 

-Reconstruction was finished 

Paldalmun Gate 

2011

-Dismantling work of second floor

Drawing in 1913

Drawing in 1975

Paldalmun Gate now

After reconstruction work in 1975

Namsumun Gate 

1922

Damaged by flood 

again

1794 

Janganmun gate was 

completed construction

1848

It was rebuilt and 

repaired  

1846 

It was damage by 

flood

2010

Started restoration

2012

Finished restoration

After damage by flood in 1846

Hwaseong Seongyeokuigwe in 1800

Namsumun Gate

Namsumun Gate


background image

- 63 -

4. T H E   D I F F E R E N C E

Angkor Thom Gate

• 12km length
• 5 Gates
• Flatland
• A moat with a width of 100m 

(328 ft) surrounds the outer 

wall.

• Build in 12th Century
• Sand stone and Laterite wall 8m 

height

• Based on Angkor eras

• Symbolical link between heaven 

and earth 

Hwaseong Fortress

• 5.74km length
• 4 Gates
• Flatland and mountain
• No moat

• Build in 18th Century 
• Brick and stone structure

• Based on the technique and styles 

used in the Yeongjo and Jeongjo eras

• Idealistic agricultural city

Length

Gate

Layout

Moat

Year

Material

Technique

Idealistic


background image

- 64 -

Conclusion

+

This restoration project is a project of Apsara Authority by Cambodian technician,

that need to be approved by the Expert Ad-Hoc of ICC-Angkor. In that case, technical

drawings are submitted to the expert and receive back the recommendation before

the restoration work start.

+

The restoration project of Hwaseong fortress approached according to Hwaseong

Seongyeokuigwe record that was published in 1800.

+

These 2 cases of projects are very important example for the conservator,

researcher in other project or other country. In that mean the restoration project

follow through original form, material, technique to keep the historical value. Even

though Angkor thom had no any record data but the restoration works accomplish

according to traditional technique.


background image

- 65 -


background image

- 66 -


background image

- 67 -

Industrial Revolution


background image

- 68 -

From

To


background image

- 69 -

Industry 4.0

1

2

3

4

5


background image

- 70 -


background image

- 71 -

(UNESCO’s Charter for the Preservation of Digital Heritage)

*Reference: Prof. Jeongmin Yu/ Dept. of Cultural Heritage Industry/KNUCH 


background image

- 72 -

*Reference: Prof. Jeongmin Yu/ Dept. of Cultural Heritage Industry/KNUCH 

3D Scanning

Photograph/Drawing

Craftsmanship

3D Printing/CNC


background image

- 73 -

- explore the accurate virtual representation by selecting the course during the visit

- architectural details, landscape from many different perspectives

- explore the arts and the everyday life of each era

- documentation from the process of visualization of material, drawings, photographs and images in three 

dimensional models


background image

- 74 -


background image

- 75 -

Virtual Heritage need:

-Increasing of the visitor to Angkor 

Site every year cause some negative 

impacts to the stability of the 

temple structure, relief, inscription..

-Some parts of temple lost their 

original form. 

3D scanning & 3D Modeling need:

-There are many of impressive 

structures, sculptures, reliefs inside 

Cambodia temple so those need to 

be stored as an digital source to 

prevent its original identity and for 

the restoration/reconstruction in 

next generation

.


background image

background image

background image

- 78 -


background image

- 79 -

The Characteristics and Potentialities of 

the Japanese Cultural Properties

Waseda University

Department of Architecture
Masaki KOIWA ( 

小岩正樹 

文化財

文化遺産

文化資源

Cultural Properties

Cultural Resources


background image

- 80 -

Flow of conservation

Discovery / rediscovery / excavation

Survey research / publication

Investigation by public institution

Designation procedure

Cultural property other than designation

Designated cultural heritage (country, prefecture, municipality)

Drawing up ledgers

Conservation

Utilization

Movable

Immovable
Natural

- Collection
- Maintenance of display environment
- Repair

-

Daily management, environment 

improvement
- Repair, restoration

- Handing down
- Drawing up records

open to the public

Publicization

Reproduction, publish, Copy, 

model

Protection activities

Intangible

Cultural Heritage

Cultural property (broad sense)


background image

- 81 -

Kondo(Golden Hall), Horyuji Temple (Nara · 7 C)


background image

- 82 -

Byodo-in Temple (Uji, 1053)

Todaiji Namdaemun (Nara · 1199)


background image

- 83 -

Shariden Engakuji (Kamakura 15C

Jisho-ji Temple 慈照寺, Togudo (東求堂) and Dojinsai (同仁斎)Kyoto1486


background image

- 84 -

Nijo Castle Ninomaru Palace(Kyoto1626

Hermitage
(Kyoto · Late 16 C )


background image

- 85 -

Number of National Treasures / Important Cultural Heritage 
(October 2018 Agency for Cultural Affairs 
文化庁)

classification

/division

National 

Treasures  件

Important Cultural 

Heritage  件

Arts and crafts

Painting





Sculpture





Craft





Book and classics





Ancient document





Archaeological 

document





Historical 
materials





total





Building

棟



棟



total





(注)重要文化財の件数は、国宝の件数を含む。

Number of National Treasures / Important Cultural Heritage 
(Comparison with current situation in July 2017)

classification

/division

National 

Treasures  件

Important Cultural 

Heritage  件

Arts and crafts

Painting





Sculpture





Craft





Book and classics





Ancient document





Archaeological 

document





Historical 
materials





total





Building

棟



棟



合計





(注)重要文化財の件数は、国宝の件数を含む。


background image

- 86 -

Number of National Treasures / Important Cultural Heritage 
(Comparison with current situation in July 2016)

classification

/division

National 

Treasures  件

Important Cultural 

Heritage  件

Arts and crafts

Painting





Sculpture





Craft





Book and classics





Ancient document





Archaeological 

document





Historical 
materials





total





Building

棟



棟



Total





(注)重要文化財の件数は、国宝の件数を含む。

Number of National Treasures / Important Cultural Heritage (Comparison 
with current situation in July 2010)

classification

/division





National 

Treasures 

Important 

Cultural Heritage 

National 

Treasures 

Important 

Cultural Heritage 

Arts and 

crafts

Painting









Sculpture









Craft









Book and 

classics









Ancient 

document









Archaeologic

al document









Historical 
materials









total









Building

棟



棟



棟



棟



合計









(注)重要文化財の件数は、国宝の件数を含む。


background image

- 87 -

Criteria for designating national treasures and important cultural 
properties (buildings)

May 10, 1955 Notification No. 2 of the Cultural Property Protection Committee

First Amendment May 25, 1955 Public Cultural Property Protection Committee Notification No. 29

Second amendment November 20, 1955 Notification of Ministry of Education No. 153

Third revision February 9, 1996 Ministry of Education Notification No. 6

- Important cultural property
Of buildings, civil engineering structures and other works, which fall under one of 
the following items and which are typical of each era or type
(1) Excellent designs
(2) Excellent technically
(3) High historical value
(4) High academic value
(5) remarkable in school or regional characteristics

- National treasure
Among important cultural properties, those which are extremely excellent and which 
are particularly deeply meaningful in terms of cultural history

種類・時

代別内訳

年

分類

件数

棟数

近世以前

近代

奈良

平安

鎌倉

室町

桃山

江戸

明治

大正

昭和

Classificat
ion
before 
the mode

rn times

神社































寺院





































城郭



















住宅





















民家









































小計







































Classificat

ion after 
the mode
rn times

宗教













住居



















学校











文化施設











官公庁舎











商業・業務











産業・交通・

土木



























小計



















合計










































background image

- 88 -

National Treasure: 

Ōura ChurchNagasaki, 1865

組合せ番付

時香番付

廻り番付

方位番付

絵番付

National Treasure: Akasaka Palace (赤坂離宮), or the State Guest House (Tokyo
1909


background image

- 89 -

National Treasure: Former Tomioka Silk Mill (Gunma · 1872)

組合せ番付

時香番付

廻り番付

方位番付

絵番付

Important cultural property: The Kaichi School  Matsumoto 1876


background image

- 90 -

Important cultural property: Waseda University Ōkuma Memorial Hall (Tokyo
1927

Sumidagawa River 隅田川 BRIDGE GROUP橋梁群 Upper left: Permanent 
Bridge
永代橋, Middle: Kiyosu Bridge清洲橋, Bottom: Katsutobashi Bridge勝鬨

(左上 永代橋、中 清洲橋、下 勝鬨橋)


background image

- 91 -

Edo period in modern times (around Genroku)


background image

- 92 -

Registered tangible cultural properties(building): Sekino-ichi

Registered tangible cultural properties(building):old Igarashi's dental clinic


background image

- 93 -

Registered tangible cultural properties 

building) Number of registrations  (Agency for Cultural Affairs, October 2018)

&XPXODWLYHWRWDO DFFRUGLQJWRHDFKSHULRG

%HIRUH(GR



0HLML



7DLVKR



6KRZD



&XPXODWLYH

6XP











FXPXODWLYHWRWDODFFRUGLQJWRFODVVLILFDWLRQ

LQGXVWU\

WUDQVS

RUWDWLR

Q

*RYHU

QPHQW

RIILFH

EXLOGLQ

J

VFKRRO

/LIH

UHODWHG

&XOWXU

DO

ZHOIDU

H

UHVLGH

QFH

UHOLJLR

Q

)ORRG

FRQWURO

RWKHUV

&XPXOD

WLYH

6XP

VW

QG

UG



 











 







Registered tangible cultural properties 
(Building)
Tokyo Tower


background image

- 94 -

Registered tangible cultural properties (Building)

Starbucks Kobe Kitano Futanari Shop


background image

- 95 -

Important preservation district of historic buildings :Narai-juku奈良井宿Nagano長野)

Conservation Area of Important Traditional Building Group (118)

Settlements
· Townscapes of the post office
· Townscapes connected to the harbor
· Townscape of merchant's house
· Townscapes connected to industry
· Townscapes around Shrines and temples
· Townscapes of teahouses 
· Street town centering on samurai residence


background image

- 96 -


background image

- 97 -

important cultural landscape :terraced paddy field of Katagihara(徳島県)

Important cultural landscape :terraced paddy field of Katagihara(徳島県)


background image

- 98 -

important cultural landscape:Uji(Kyoto)

important cultural landscape:Oku-Asuka飛鳥(奈良県)


background image

- 99 -

important cultural 

landscape:

Oku-Asuka飛鳥

(奈良県)

important cultural 

landscape:

Oku-Asuka 飛鳥

(奈良県)


background image

- 100 -

Scenic beauty (government-designated): Sankei-en三園(神奈川県)


background image

- 101 -

Special historical sitesIshibutai-kofun Tumulus, Nara Prefecture

Joruri-ji Temple (A place of special scenic beauty, historical sites )


background image

- 102 -

Jisho-ji Temple
(A place of special scenic beauty

Special historical sites 

Itsukushima shrine (A place of special scenic beauty, special historical sites, natural 
monuments)


background image

- 103 -

In Nijo Castle , the remain of Honmaru palace. and Ninomaru Palace

Institution

· The Protection of Antiquities Order (古器旧物保存方) (1871): First protection laws of 
the modern cultural property. Investigation and Drawing-up of inventory (cf. 
廃仏毀釈

abolish Buddhism and destroy Sh

ākyamuni)

· the grant-in-aid system for preservation of ancient shrines and temples 
(
古社寺保存金制度) (1880-): purpose of maintaining the system of shrines and temples
· The Ancient Shrines and Temples Preservation Act (1897): It covers the buildings and 
treasures of the first shrines of the cultural property protection system. 
"History / Witness / Art / model"
· The Iaw for the Preservation of National Treasures (
国宝保存法) (1929): Expand target 

to shrines other than shrines

· Cultural Property Protection Act (文化財保護法) (1950): Expanding existing 

conservation law and unifying it. Intangible cultural properties and buried cultural 
properties are also covered. The laws of preservation and utilization were revised. 
(1975, 1996, 2004 etc)
C.f. Ancient Capitals Preservation Act (
古都保存法)(Act on Special Measures Concerning 

Preservation of Historic Climate in the Ancient Capital) (1966)
· History Town Planning Act (
歴史まちづくり法) (2008)
· Landscape Conservation Act (
景観法) (2004)


background image

- 104 -

Horyuji temple
Kondo, 
Damage due to suffering 
(from a calamity)

1949.01.26.


background image

- 105 -

Toshodaiji Temple, Lecture hall

Transition of a Lecture Hall of the Toshodaiji Temple 
(Above: Heijo Miyazaki Shrine, Middle: foundation, Bottom: Current situation)


background image

- 106 -

Eastern Morning Audience Hall , Heijo-kyu Palace(平城宮 東朝集殿 )

Toin Denpodo of Horyu-ji Temple (8th century)


background image

- 107 -

Toin Denpodo of Horyu-ji Temple (8th century)

Tachibana Hall’s reconstruction plan(predecessor building of 
Toin [east precinct] Denpodo of Horyu-ji Temple)


background image

- 108 -

Ninna-ji temple (moved to Kyoto · 1624-44)

Hall for State Ceremonies (in Heian Palace, Kyoto Imperial Palace 紫宸殿 )Kyoto
1855


background image

- 109 -

Yakushiji Temple, East Pagoda, Repair construction site

Yakushiji Temple, East Pagoda, Repair construction site


background image

- 110 -

Yakushiji Temple, East Pagoda, Repair construction site

Yakushiji Temple, East Pagoda, Repair construction site


background image

- 111 -


background image

- 112 -

Toshodaiji Temple 唐招提寺, Kondo (Golden Hall) 金堂

Kondo at Toshodaiji Temple, Comparison between old and new  
(Left: Initially, Right: Current situation)


background image

- 113 -

Toshodaiji Temple Kanedo,  Current sectional elavation

Toshodaiji
Temple, 
Kondo

Repair 
construction 
site


background image

- 114 -

Honganji, Meido = Repair construction site

Meido, Honganji, Repair construction site 本願寺御影堂 修理工事現場, 


background image

- 115 -

Izumo Taisha 
Main Hall

Repair 
construction site

Toshodaiji Temple, Kondo, Repair construction site


background image

- 116 -

Toshodaiji Temple, Kondo, Repair construction site

Toshodaiji Temple, Kondo, Repair construction site


background image

- 117 -

Toshodaiji Temple, Kondo, Repair construction site

東大寺大仏殿

Todaiji Temple, Great Buddha Hall (Nara · 1709)


background image

- 118 -

Todaiji Temple, Great Buddha Hall, 1879-1915 repair work)


background image

- 119 -

Todaiji Temple, Great Buddha Hall東大寺大仏殿

Ise Jingu Shrine, Main shrine


background image

- 120 -


background image

- 121 -

trace of old shrine

main building of a shrine

main building

main building


background image

- 122 -

trace of old shrine

main building of a shrine


background image

- 123 -

Heijokakyo

Fujiwarakyo
Asuka

Ise shrine

Toyouke Shrine (the outer shrine of Ise Shrine)

Koutai Shrine (the inner shrine of Ise Shrine)


background image

- 124 -


background image

- 125 -

Toyouke Shrine (the outer shrine of Ise Shrine)

Koutai Shrine (the inner shrine of Ise Shrine)


background image

- 126 -


background image

- 127 -


background image

- 128 -

Kasuga-taisha main shrine

Enjoji’s Kasuga Hall円成寺春日堂・Shirayamadou Hall白山堂( Late 12th C – Early 13rd C )


background image

- 129 -

Heijo Palace (Suzaku Gate)

Heijo Palace (Suzaku Gate)


background image

- 130 -

Heijo Palace (Eastern Palace Garden Plaza)

Heijo Palace (Council Hall in the Imperial Palace


background image

- 131 -

Heijo Palace (Council Hall in the Imperial Palace

Heijo Palace (Council Hall in the Imperial Palace


background image

- 132 -

Central Station(Tokyo Railroad Station

組合せ番付

時香番付

廻り番付

方位番付

絵番付

Central Station(Tokyo Railroad Station

組合せ番付

時香番付

廻り番付

方位番付

絵番付


background image

- 133 -

Central Station(Tokyo Railroad Station

組合せ番付

時香番付

廻り番付

方位番付

絵番付

Central Station(Tokyo Railroad Station

組合せ番付

時香番付

廻り番付

方位番付

絵番付


background image

- 134 -

Central Station(Tokyo Railroad Station

組合せ番付

時香番付

廻り番付

方位番付

絵番付

Central Station
(Tokyo Railroad Station

組合せ番付

時香番付

廻り番付

方位番付

絵番付


background image

- 135 -

Central Station(Tokyo Railroad Station

組合せ番付

時香番付

廻り番付

方位番付

Central Station(Tokyo Railroad Station

組合せ番付

時香番付

廻り番付

方位番付


background image

- 136 -

MITSUBISHI Ichigokan Museum三菱一号館美術館

Marunouchi Brick Street丸の内煉瓦街 and MITSUBISHI Ichigokan


background image

- 137 -

MITSUBISHI Ichigokan 1894

MITSUBISHI Ichigokan (Left: current cafe, right: initial banking office)


background image

- 138 -

Higashi Hongan-ji 東本願寺


background image

- 139 -

UNESCO 

(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

ICOMOS

(International Council on Monument and Sites)

ICCROM 

(International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration 

of Cultural Property

DOCOMOMO 

(Documentation and Conservation of buildings, sites and neighborhoods 

of the Modern Movement) 


background image

- 140 -

1

 Buddhist Monuments in the 

Horyu-ji Area

Property: 15 ha 

Buffer Zone: 571 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻺 㻭㻾㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻟㻌
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕)( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼢)( 㼢㼕)

㼀㼔㼑㼞㼑㻌 㼍㼞㼑㻌 㼍㼞㼛㼡㼚㼐㻌 㻠 㻤 㻌 㻮㼡㼐㼐㼔㼕㼟㼠㻌 㼙㼛㼚㼡㼙㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌
㻴 㼛㼞㼥㼡㻙㼖㼕㻌 㼍 㼞㼑㼍 㻘㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㻺 㼍 㼞㼍㻌 㻼 㼞㼑㼒㼑 㼏㼠㼡 㼞㼑㻚㻌 㻿 㼑 㼢㼑㼞㼍 㼘㻌 㼐 㼍 㼠㼑㻌
㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼘㼍㼠㼑㻌㻣 㼠㼔㻌㼛㼞㻌㼑㼍㼞㼘㼥㻌㻤 㼠㼔㻌㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥㻘㻌㼙㼍㼗㼕㼚㼓 㻌㼠㼔㼑㼙㻌
㼟㼛㼙 㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼛㼘㼐 㼑 㼟㼠㻌 㼟㼡㼞㼢㼕㼢㼕㼚 㼓㻌 㼣 㼛 㼛㼐 㼑 㼚㻌 㼎 㼡㼕㼘㼐㼕㼚 㼓 㼟㻌
㼕 㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼣 㼛 㼞㼘 㼐 㻚㻌 㼀 㼔 㼑 㼟 㼑㻌 㼙 㼍 㼟 㼠㼑 㼞㼜 㼕 㼑 㼏 㼑 㼟㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼣 㼛 㼛 㼐 㼑 㼚㻌
㼍㼞㼏㼔㼕㼠㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㼍㼞㼑㻌㼕㼙㼜㼛㼞㼠㼍㼚㼠㻌㼚㼛㼠㻌㼛㼚㼘㼥㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼔㼕㼟㼠㼛㼞㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌
㼍㼞㼠㻘㻌 㼟㼕㼚㼏㼑㻌 㼠㼔㼑㼥㻌 㼕㼘㼘㼡㼟㼠㼞㼍㼠㼑㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼍㼐㼍㼜㼠㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻯㼔㼕㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌
㻮㼡 㼐 㼐 㼔㼕 㼟㼠㻌 㼍 㼞㼏 㼔㼕 㼠㼑 㼏 㼠㼡 㼞㼑㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌 㼘㼍 㼥㼛 㼡 㼠㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㻶㼍 㼜 㼍 㼚 㼑 㼟㼑㻌
㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌 㼎㼡㼠㻌 㼍㼘㼟㼛㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼔㼕㼟㼠㼛㼞㼥㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼞㼑㼘㼕㼓 㼕㼛㼚㻘㻌 㼟㼕㼚㼏㼑㻌
㼠㼔㼑㼕㼞㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼟㼠㼞㼡㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼏㼛㼕㼚㼏㼑㼐㼑㼐㻌 㼣 㼕㼠㼔㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼕㼚㼠㼞㼛㼐㼡㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌
㼛㼒㻌 㻮㼡㼐㼐㼔㼕㼟㼙㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌 㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌 㻯㼔㼕㼚㼍㻌 㼎㼥㻌 㼣 㼍㼥㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌
㻷㼛㼞㼑㼍㼚㻌㼜㼑㼚㼕㼚㼟㼡㼘㼍㻚

2

 Himeji-jo

Property: 108 ha 

Buffer Zone: 143 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻴 㼅 㻻 㻳㻻 㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻟㻌
㻯㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕)( 㼕㼢)

㻴 㼕 㼙 㼑 㼖㼕㻙㼖 㼛㻌 㼕 㼟㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼒㼕 㼚 㼑 㼟 㼠㻌 㼟 㼡 㼞㼢㼕 㼢㼕 㼚 㼓 㻌 㼑 㼤 㼍 㼙 㼜 㼘 㼑㻌
㼛 㼒㻌 㼑 㼍 㼞㼘 㼥㻌 㻝 㻣 㼠㼔 㻙㼏 㼑 㼚 㼠㼡 㼞㼥㻌 㻶㼍 㼜 㼍 㼚 㼑 㼟 㼑 㻌 㼏 㼍 㼟 㼠㼘 㼑㻌
㼍 㼞㼏 㼔㼕㼠㼑 㼏 㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌 㼏 㼛㼙 㼜 㼞㼕㼟㼕㼚 㼓 㻌 㻤 㻟 㻌 㼎 㼡㼕㼘㼐 㼕㼚 㼓 㼟㻌 㼣 㼕㼠㼔㻌
㼔㼕㼓 㼔㼘㼥㻌 㼐 㼑 㼢㼑㼘㼛 㼜 㼑 㼐㻌 㼟 㼥㼟㼠㼑 㼙 㼟㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼐 㼑 㼒㼑 㼚 㼏 㼑㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌
㼕㼚 㼓 㼑 㼚 㼕 㼛 㼡 㼟㻌 㼜 㼞㼛 㼠㼑 㼏 㼠㼕 㼛 㼚㻌 㼐 㼑 㼢㼕 㼏 㼑 㼟㻌 㼐 㼍 㼠㼕 㼚 㼓 㻌 㼒㼞㼛 㼙㻌
㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼎 㼑 㼓 㼕㼚 㼚 㼕 㼚 㼓 㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㻿 㼔 㼛 㼓 㼡 㼚㻌 㼜 㼑 㼞㼕 㼛 㼐 㻚㻌 㻵㼠㻌 㼕 㼟㻌
㼍 㻌 㼙 㼍 㼟 㼠㼑 㼞㼜 㼕 㼑 㼏 㼑 㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼏 㼛 㼚 㼟 㼠㼞㼡 㼏 㼠㼕 㼛 㼚㻌 㼕 㼚㻌 㼣 㼛 㼛 㼐 㻘㻌
㼏㼛㼙㼎㼕㼚㼕㼚㼓 㻌㼒㼡㼚㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌 㼍㼑㼟㼠㼔㼑㼠㼕㼏㻌㼍㼜㼜㼑㼍㼘㻘㻌 㼎㼛㼠㼔㻌
㼕㼚㻌 㼕㼠㼟㻌 㼑㼘㼑㼓㼍㼚㼠㻌 㼍㼜㼜㼑㼍㼞㼍㼚㼏㼑㻌 㼡㼚㼕㼒㼕㼑㼐㻌 㼎㼥㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼣 㼔㼕㼠㼑㻌
㼜㼘㼍㼟㼠㼑㼞㼑㼐㻌 㼑㼍㼞㼠㼔㼑㼚㻌 㼣 㼍㼘㼘㼟㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼡㼎㼠㼘㼑㼠㼥㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼞㼑㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㼔㼕㼜㼟㻌 㼎㼑㼠㼣 㼑㼑㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼎㼡㼕㼘㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼙㼍㼟㼟㼑㼟㻌
㼍㼚㼐㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼙㼡㼘㼠㼕㼜㼘㼑㻌㼞㼛㼛㼒㻌㼘㼍㼥㼑㼞㼟㻚

3

 Yakushima

Property: 10,747 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻷㻭㻳㻻 㻿㻴 㻵㻹 㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻟㻌
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼢㼕㼕)( 㼕㼤)

㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼕㼚㼠㼑㼞㼕㼛㼞㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼅 㼍㼗㼡㼟㼔㼕㼙 㼍㻌 㻵㼟㼘㼍 㼚㼐㻘㻌
㼍 㼠㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼙 㼑㼑㼠㼕㼚㼓 㻙㼜 㼛㼕㼚㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼜㼍 㼘㼍 㼑㼍 㼞㼏㼠㼕㼏㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌
㼛㼞㼕㼑㼚 㼠㼍 㼘㻌 㼎㼕㼛㼠㼕㼏㻌 㼞㼑 㼓 㼕㼛㼚㼟㻘㻌 㼅 㼍 㼗㼡㼟㼔㼕㼙 㼍㻌 㼑 㼤㼔㼕㼎㼕㼠㼟㻌
㼍㻌 㼞㼕㼏 㼔㻌 㼒㼘㼛 㼞㼍 㻘㻌 㼣 㼕㼠㼔㻌 㼟㼛㼙 㼑㻌 㻝㻘㻥 㻜 㻜 㻌 㼟㼜 㼑 㼏 㼕㼑 㼟㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌
㼟㼡㼎㼟㼜㼑㼏㼕㼑㼟㻘㻌 㼕㼚㼏㼘㼡㼐㼕㼚㼓 㻌 㼍 㼚㼏㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼟㼜㼑㼏㼕㼙 㼑㼚㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼡㼓 㼕㻌( 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌 㼏㼑㼐㼍㼞) 㻚㻌 㻵㼠㻌 㼍㼘㼟㼛㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌
㼍㻌 㼞㼑㼙㼚㼍㼚㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼍㻌 㼣 㼍㼞㼙㻙㼠㼑㼙㼜㼑㼞㼍㼠㼑㻌 㼍㼚㼏㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼑㼟㼠㻌
㼠㼔㼍㼠㻌㼕㼟㻌㼡㼚㼕㼝㼡㼑㻌㼕㼚㻌㼠㼔㼕㼟㻌㼞㼑㼓㼕㼛㼚㻚

10

 Shrines and Temples of Nikko

Property: 51 ha 

Buffer Zone: 373 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㼀㻻 㻯 㻴 㻵㻳㻵㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻥
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕)( 㼕㼢)( 㼢㼕)

㼀㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼔㼞㼕㼚㼑㼟㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌 㼠㼑㼙 㼜㼘㼑㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻺 㼕㼗㼗㼛㻘㻌 㼠㼛㼓 㼑㼠㼔㼑㼞㻌
㼣 㼕 㼠㼔㻌 㼠㼔 㼑 㼕 㼞㻌 㼚 㼍 㼠㼡 㼞㼍 㼘㻌 㼟 㼡 㼞㼞㼛 㼡 㼚 㼐 㼕 㼚 㼓 㼟 㻘㻌 㼔 㼍 㼢㼑㻌 㼒㼛 㼞㻌
㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼕㼑㼟㻌 㼎 㼑㼑㼚㻌 㼍㻌 㼟㼍 㼏㼞㼑㼐㻌 㼟㼕㼠㼑㻌 㼗㼚㼛㼣 㼚㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼕㼠㼟㻌
㼍 㼞㼏㼔㼕㼠㼑 㼏㼠㼡㼞㼍 㼘㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌 㼐 㼑㼏 㼛㼞㼍 㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌 㼙 㼍 㼟㼠㼑㼞㼜 㼕㼑 㼏 㼑㼟㻚㻌
㼀㼔㼑㼥㻌 㼍㼞㼑㻌 㼏㼘㼛㼟㼑㼘㼥㻌 㼍 㼟㼟㼛㼏㼕㼍 㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼣 㼕㼠㼔㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼔㼕㼟㼠㼛㼞㼥㻌
㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼀㼛㼗㼡㼓 㼍㼣 㼍㻌 㻿㼔㼛㼓 㼡㼚㼟㻚㻌 㻭㼚㼏㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼙㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㻌
㼣 㼛㼞㼟㼔㼕㼜㻘㻌 㻮㼡㼐㼐㼔㼕㼟㼙㻘㻌 㻿㼔㼕㼚㼠㼛㼕㼟㼙㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼣 㼛㼞㼟㼔㼕㼜㻌 㼍㼞㼑㻌
㼏㼛㼙㼎㼕㼚㼑㼐㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼍 㼠㻌 㼕㼟㻌 㼞㼑㼟㼜㼛㼚㼟㼕㼎㼘㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼡㼚㼕㼝㼡㼑㻌
㼞㼑㼘㼕㼓㼕㼛㼡㼟㻌㼟㼜㼍㼏㼑㻚

11

 Gusuku Sites and related 

properties of the Kingdom of 

Ryukyu

Property: 55 ha 

Buffer Zone: 560 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻻 㻷㻵㻺 㻭㼃 㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻜 㻜
㻯㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼕㼕)( 㼢㼕)

㻲 㼕 㼢 㼑㻌 㼔 㼡 㼚 㼐 㼞㼑 㼐㻌 㼥 㼑 㼍 㼞㼟㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㻾 㼥㼡 㼗 㼥 㼡 㼍 㼚㻌 㼔 㼕 㼟 㼠㼛 㼞㼥㻌

( 㻝㻞 㼠㼔㻙㻝㻣 㼠㼔㻌 㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥)㻌 㼍 㼞㼑㻌 㼞㼑㼜㼞㼑㼟㼑㼚㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼎㼥㻌 㼠㼔㼕㼟㻌

㼓 㼞㼛㼡㼜㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼟㼕㼠㼑㼟㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼙㼛㼚㼡㼙 㼑㼚㼠㼟㻚㻌 㼀㼔㼑㻌 㼞㼡㼕㼚㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼍 㼟㼠㼘㼑㼟㻘㻌 㼛㼚㻌 㼕㼙㼜㼛㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼑㼘㼑㼢㼍 㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼟㼕㼠㼑㼟㻘㻌 㼍㼞㼑㻌
㼑㼢㼕㼐㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼛㼏㼕㼍㼘㻌 㼟㼠㼞㼡㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼛㼢㼑㼞㻌 㼙㼡㼏㼔㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼠㼔㼍㼠㻌㼜㼑㼞㼕㼛㼐㻘㻌㼣 㼔㼕㼘㼑㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼟㼍㼏㼞㼑㼐㻌㼟㼕㼠㼑㼟㻌㼜㼞㼛㼢㼕㼐㼑㻌㼙㼡㼠㼑㻌
㼠㼑㼟㼠㼕㼙 㼛㼚㼥㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼞㼍㼞㼑㻌 㼟㼡㼞㼢㼕㼢㼍㼘㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼍㼚㻌 㼍 㼚㼏㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌
㼒㼛㼞㼙㻌㼛㼒㻌㼞㼑㼘㼕㼓㼕㼛㼚㻌㼕㼚㼠㼛㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼙㼛㼐㼑㼞㼚㻌㼍㼓㼑㻚㻌㼀㼔㼑㻌㼣 㼕㼐㼑㻙
㼞㼍㼚㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼑㼏㼛㼚㼛㼙㼕㼏㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼍㼘㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼠㼍㼏㼠㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌
㻾㼥㼡㼗㼥㼡㻌 㻵㼟㼘㼍㼚㼐㼟㻌 㼛㼢㼑㼞㻌 㼠㼔㼍㼠㻌 㼜㼑㼞㼕㼛㼐㻌 㼓㼍㼢㼑㻌 㼞㼕㼟㼑㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼍㻌
㼡㼚㼕㼝㼡㼑㻌㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻚

12

 Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage 

Routes in the Kii Mountain 

Range

Property: 495 ha 

Buffer Zone: 11,370 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻌㻹 㻵㻱 㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻌㻺 㻭㻾㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻌

㼃 㻭㻷㻭㼅 㻭㻹 㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑

㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻜 㻠
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼕㼕)( 㼕㼢)( 㼢㼕)

㻿㼑㼠㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼐㼑㼚㼟㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼑㼟㼠㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻷㼕㼕㻌 㻹 㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌
㼛㼢㼑㼞㼘㼛㼛㼗㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻼㼍㼏㼕㼒㼕㼏㻌 㻻㼏㼑㼍 㼚㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼞㼑㼑㻌 㼟㼍㼏㼞㼑㼐㻌
㼟㼕㼠㼑㼟㻙㼅 㼛㼟㼔㼕㼚㼛㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌 㻻㼙 㼕㼚㼑㻘㻌 㻷 㼡㼙 㼍 㼚㼛㻌 㻿 㼍 㼚㼦㼍 㼚㻘㻌
㼍 㼚㼐㻌 㻷 㼛㼥㼍 㼟㼍 㼚㻙㼘㼕㼚㼗㼑㼐㻌 㼎㼥㻌 㼜㼕㼘㼓 㼞㼕㼙 㼍 㼓 㼑㻌 㼞㼛㼡㼠㼑㼟㻌 㼠㼛㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼍㼚㼏㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼏㼍㼜㼕㼠㼍㼘㻌 㼏㼕㼠㼕㼑㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻺 㼍㼞㼍㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㻷㼥㼛㼠㼛㻘㻌
㼞㼑 㼒㼘㼑 㼏 㼠㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼒㼡 㼟㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㻿 㼔㼕㼚 㼠㼛 㻘㻌 㼞㼛 㼛 㼠㼑 㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌
㼍㼚㼏㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼠㼞㼍㼐㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼚㼍 㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼣 㼛㼞㼟㼔㼕㼜㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻘㻌
㼍 㼚 㼐㻌 㻮 㼡 㼐 㼐 㼔 㼕 㼟 㼙 㻚㻌 㼀 㼔 㼑㻌 㼟 㼕 㼠㼑 㼟㻌( 㻠 㻥 㻡 㻚㻟 㻙㼔 㼍)㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌
㼠㼔㼑㼕㼞㻌 㼟㼡㼞㼞㼛㼡㼚㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼑㼟㼠㻌 㼘㼍 㼚㼐㼟㼏㼍 㼜㼑㻌 㼞㼑㼒㼘㼑㼏㼠㻌 㼍㻌
㼜㼑㼞㼟㼕㼟㼠㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼑㼤㼠㼞㼍㼛㼞㼐㼕㼚㼍㼞㼕㼘㼥㻌 㼣 㼑㼘㼘㻙㼐㼛㼏㼡㼙㼑㼚㼠㼑㼐㻌
㼠㼞㼍㼐㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼟㼍㼏㼞㼑㼐㻌㼙㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌㼛㼢㼑㼞㻌㻝㻘㻞 㻜 㻜 㻌㼥㼑㼍㼞㼟㻚

18 Sites in Japan World Heritage List

4

 Shirakami-Sanchi

Property: 10,139 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻌㻭㻻 㻹 㻻 㻾㻵㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻌㻭㻷㻵㼀㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻟
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼤)

㻿㼕㼠㼡㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼙㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼚㼛㼞㼠㼔㼑㼞㼚㻌 㻴 㼛㼚㼟㼔㼡㻘㻌
㼠㼔㼕㼟㻌 㼠㼞㼍 㼏 㼗㼘㼑 㼟㼟㻌 㼟㼕㼠㼑㻌 㼕㼚 㼏㼘㼡 㼐 㼑 㼟㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼘㼍 㼟㼠㻌 㼢㼕㼞㼓 㼕㼚㻌
㼞㼑 㼙 㼍 㼕 㼚 㼟㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼏 㼛 㼛 㼘 㻙㼠㼑 㼙 㼜 㼑 㼞㼍 㼠㼑㻌 㼒 㼛 㼞㼑 㼟 㼠㻌 㼛 㼒㻌
㻿㼕㼑㼎㼛㼘㼐㻓㼟㻌 㼎㼑㼑㼏㼔㻌 㼠㼞㼑㼑㼟㻌 㼠㼔㼍㼠㻌 㼛㼚㼏㼑㻌 㼏㼛㼢㼑㼞㼑㼐㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌
㼔㼕㼘㼘㼟㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼙㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㻌 㼟㼘㼛㼜㼑㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼚㼛㼞㼠㼔㼑㼞㼚㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻚㻌
㼀㼔㼑㻌 㼎㼘㼍㼏㼗㻌 㼎㼑㼍㼞㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼑㼞㼛㼣 㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㻤 㻣 㻌 㼟㼜㼑㼏㼕㼑㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼎㼕㼞㼐㼟㻌㼏㼍㼚㻌㼎㼑㻌㼒㼛㼡㼚㼐㻌㼕㼚㼠㼔㼕㼟㻌㼒㼛㼞㼑㼟㼠㻚

5

 Historic Monuments of 

Ancient Kyoto 

  [Kyoto, Uji and Ohtsu Cities]

Property: 1,056 ha 

Buffer Zone: 3,579 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻌㻷㼅 㻻 㼀㻻 㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻌㻿 㻴 㻵㻳㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻠
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼢)

㻮㼡㼕㼘㼠㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㻭㻚㻰㻚㻣 㻥 㻠 㻌 㼛㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼙㼛㼐㼑㼘㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼍㼜㼕㼠㼍㼘㼟㻌
㼛 㼒㻌 㼍 㼚 㼏 㼕㼑 㼚 㼠㻌 㻯 㼔㼕 㼚 㼍 㻘㻌 㻷 㼥㼛 㼠㼛㻌 㼣 㼍 㼟㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼕㼙 㼜 㼑 㼞㼕㼍 㼘㻌
㼏㼍㼜㼕㼠㼍㼘㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌 㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌 㼕㼠㼟㻌 㼒㼛㼡㼚㼐㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼡㼚㼠㼕㼘㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌
㼙㼕㼐㼐㼘㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻝㻥 㼠㼔㻌 㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥㻚㻌 㻭㼟㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼑㼚㼠㼑㼞㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌 㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼙㼛㼞㼑㻌 㼠㼔㼍㼚㻌 㻝㻘㻜 㻜 㻜 㻌 㼥㼑㼍㼞㼟㻘㻌
㻷㼥㼛㼠㼛㻌 㼕㼘㼘㼡㼟㼠㼞㼍㼠㼑㼟㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼐㼑㼢㼑㼘㼛㼜㼙㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌
㼣 㼛 㼛 㼐 㼑 㼚㻌 㼍 㼞㼏 㼔㼕㼠㼑 㼏 㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌 㼜 㼍 㼞㼠㼕㼏 㼡㼘㼍 㼞㼘㼥㻌 㼞㼑㼘㼕㼓 㼕㼛 㼡 㼟㻌
㼍㼞㼏㼔㼕㼠㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼍㼞㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌 㼓㼍㼞㼐㼑㼚㼟㻘㻌
㼣 㼔㼕㼏㼔㻌 㼔㼍㼟㻌 㼕㼚㼒㼘㼡㼑㼚㼏㼑㼐㻌 㼘㼍㼚㼐㼟㼏㼍㼜㼑㻌 㼓㼍㼞㼐㼑㼚㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌
㼣 㼛㼞㼘㼐㻌㼛㼢㼑㼞㻚

6

 Historic Villages of Shirakawa-

go and Gokayama

Property: 68 ha 

Buffer Zone: 4,335 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻌㻳㻵㻲㼁 㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻌㼀㻻 㼅㻭㻹 㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻡
㻯㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼢)( 㼢)

㻸㼛 㼏 㼍 㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼍㻌 㼙 㼛㼡 㼚㼠㼍 㼕㼚 㼛㼡 㼟㻌 㼞㼑 㼓 㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼍 㼠㻌 㼣 㼍 㼟㻌 㼏㼡 㼠㻌
㼛㼒㼒㻌 㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼞㼑㼟㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼣 㼛㼞㼘㼐㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼍㻌 㼘㼛㼚㼓㻌 㼜㼑㼞㼕㼛㼐㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼠㼕㼙㼑㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼑㼟㼑㻌 㼢㼕㼘㼘㼍㼓㼑㼟㻌 㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌 㼠㼔㼑㼕㼞㻌 㻳㼍㼟㼟㼔㼛㻙㼟㼠㼥㼘㼑㻌 㼔㼛㼡㼟㼑㼟㻌
㼟㼡㼎㼟㼕㼟㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼛㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼡㼘㼠㼕㼢㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼙㼡㼘㼎㼑㼞㼞㼥㻌 㼠㼞㼑㼑㼟㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼞㼑㼍 㼞㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼟㼕㼘㼗㼣 㼛㼞㼙 㼟㻚㻌 㼀㼔㼑㻌 㼘㼍 㼞㼓 㼑㻌 㼔㼛㼡㼟㼑㼟㻌 㼣 㼕㼠㼔㻌
㼠㼔㼑㼕㼞㻌 㼟㼠㼑㼑㼜㼘㼥㻌 㼜㼕㼠㼏㼔㼑㼐㻌 㼠㼔㼍㼠㼏㼔㼑㼐㻌 㼞㼛㼛㼒㼟㻌 㼍㼞㼑㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼛㼚㼘㼥㻌
㼑㼤㼍㼙㼜㼘㼑㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㼕㼞㻌 㼗㼕㼚㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻚㻌 㻰㼑㼟㼜㼕㼠㼑㻌 㼑㼏㼛㼚㼛㼙㼕㼏㻌
㼡㼜㼔㼑㼍㼢㼍㼘㼟㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼢㼕㼘㼘㼍㼓㼑㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻻㼓㼕㼙㼍㼏㼔㼕㻘㻌 㻭㼕㼚㼛㼗㼡㼞㼍㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌
㻿㼡㼓㼍㼚㼡㼙㼍㻌㼍㼞㼑㻌㼛㼡㼠㼟㼠㼍㼚㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌㼑㼤㼍㼙㼜㼘㼑㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼍㻌㼠㼞㼍㼐㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌
㼣 㼍 㼥㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼘㼕㼒㼑㻌 㼜㼑㼞㼒㼑㼏㼠㼘㼥㻌 㼍㼐㼍 㼜㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼑㼚㼢㼕㼞㼛㼚㼙 㼑㼚㼠㻌㻌
㼍㼚㼐㻌㼜㼑㼛㼜㼘㼑㻓㼟㻌㼟㼛㼏㼕㼍㼘㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼑㼏㼛㼚㼛㼙㼕㼏㻌㼏㼕㼞㼏㼡㼙㼟㼠㼍㼚㼏㼑㼟㻚

12

 Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage 

Routes in the Kii Mountain 

Range

Property: 495 ha 

Buffer Zone: 11,370 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻌㻹 㻵㻱 㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻌㻺 㻭㻾㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻌

㼃 㻭㻷㻭㼅 㻭㻹 㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑

㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻜 㻠
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼕㼕)( 㼕㼢)( 㼢㼕)

㻿㼑㼠㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼐㼑㼚㼟㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼑㼟㼠㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻷㼕㼕㻌 㻹 㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌
㼛㼢㼑㼞㼘㼛㼛㼗㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻼㼍 㼏㼕㼒㼕㼏㻌 㻻㼏㼑㼍㼚㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼞㼑㼑㻌 㼟㼍 㼏㼞㼑㼐㻌
㼟㼕㼠㼑㼟㻙㼅 㼛㼟㼔㼕㼚㼛㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌 㻻㼙 㼕㼚㼑㻘㻌 㻷 㼡㼙 㼍 㼚㼛㻌 㻿 㼍 㼚㼦㼍 㼚㻘㻌
㼍 㼚㼐㻌 㻷 㼛㼥㼍 㼟㼍 㼚㻙㼘㼕㼚㼗㼑㼐㻌 㼎㼥㻌 㼜㼕㼘㼓 㼞㼕㼙 㼍 㼓 㼑㻌 㼞㼛㼡㼠㼑㼟㻌 㼠㼛㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼍㼚㼏㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼏㼍㼜㼕㼠㼍㼘㻌 㼏㼕㼠㼕㼑㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻺 㼍㼞㼍㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㻷 㼥㼛㼠㼛㻘㻌
㼞㼑 㼒㼘㼑 㼏 㼠㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼒㼡 㼟㼕㼛 㼚㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㻿 㼔㼕㼚 㼠㼛㻘㻌 㼞㼛㼛 㼠㼑 㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌
㼍 㼚㼏㼕㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼠㼞㼍㼐㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼚㼍 㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼣 㼛㼞㼟㼔㼕㼜㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻘㻌
㼍 㼚 㼐㻌 㻮 㼡 㼐 㼐 㼔 㼕 㼟 㼙 㻚㻌 㼀 㼔 㼑㻌 㼟㼕 㼠㼑 㼟㻌( 㻠 㻥 㻡 㻚㻟 㻙㼔 㼍)㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌
㼠㼔㼑㼕㼞㻌 㼟㼡㼞㼞㼛㼡㼚㼐㼕㼚㼓 㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼑㼟㼠㻌 㼘㼍 㼚㼐㼟㼏㼍 㼜㼑㻌 㼞㼑㼒㼘㼑㼏㼠㻌 㼍㻌
㼜㼑㼞㼟㼕㼟㼠㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼑㼤㼠㼞㼍㼛㼞㼐㼕㼚㼍㼞㼕㼘㼥㻌 㼣 㼑㼘㼘㻙㼐㼛㼏㼡㼙㼑㼚㼠㼑㼐㻌
㼠㼞㼍㼐㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼟㼍㼏㼞㼑㼐㻌㼙㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌㼛㼢㼑㼞㻌㻝㻘㻞 㻜 㻜 㻌㼥㼑㼍㼞㼟㻚

13

 Shiretoko

Property: 34,000 ha 

Buffer Zone: 37,100 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻴 㻻 㻷㻷㻭㻵㻰 㻻 㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻜 㻡
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼤)( 㼤)

㻿 㼔㼕㼞㼑 㼠㼛 㼗㼛㻌 㻼 㼑 㼚 㼕㼚 㼟㼡㼘㼍㻌 㼕㼟㻌 㼘㼛 㼏 㼍 㼠㼑 㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼟㼑 㼍㻌
㼛 㼒㻌 㻻 㼗 㼔 㼛 㼠㼟 㼗 㻚 㻌 㻰 㼡 㼑 㻌 㼠㼛 㻌 㼠㼛 㼜 㼛 㼓 㼞㼍 㼜 㼔 㼕 㼏 㼍 㼘 㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌
㼓 㼑㼛㼓 㼞㼍㼜㼔㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼐㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼑㼍㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻻㼗㼔㼛㼠㼟㼗㻌
㼕㼟㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼙㼛㼟㼠㻌 㼟㼛㼡㼠㼔㼑㼞㼚㻌( 㼘㼛㼣 㼑㼟㼠㻌 㼘㼍㼠㼕㼠㼡㼐㼑)㻌 㼛㼏㼑㼍㼚㻌
㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼣 㼛 㼞㼘㼐㻌 㼍 㼟㻌 㼍 㻌 㼟 㼑 㼍 㼟 㼛 㼚 㼍 㼘㻌 㼟 㼑 㼍 㻌 㼕 㼏 㼑㻌 㼍 㼞㼑 㼍 㻚㻌
㻵㼚㼒㼘㼡㼑㼚㼏㼑㼐㻌 㼎㼥㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼙㼍 㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼑㼍 㼟㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌
㼟㼑㼍㻌 㼕㼏㼑㻘㻌 㻿㼔㼕㼞㼑㼠㼛㼗㼛㻌 㼕㼟㻌 㼍㼚㻌 㼛㼡㼠㼟㼠㼍㼚㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼑㼤㼍㼙㼜㼘㼑㻌
㼛 㼒㻌 㼍 㼚 㻌 㼕 㼚 㼠㼑 㼓 㼞㼍 㼠㼑 㼐 㻌 㼑 㼏 㼛 㼟 㼥 㼟 㼠㼑 㼙 㻌 㼐 㼕 㼟 㼜 㼘 㼍 㼥 㼕 㼚 㼓㻌
㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼕㼚 㼠㼑 㼞㼞㼑 㼘㼍 㼠㼕 㼛㼚 㼟㼔㼕㼜㻌 㼎 㼑 㼠㼣 㼑 㼑 㼚㻌 㼍㻌 㼠㼑 㼞㼞㼑 㼟㼠㼞㼕㼍 㼘㻌
㼑 㼏 㼛 㼟 㼥 㼟 㼠 㼑 㼙 㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐 㻌 㼍 㻌 㼏 㼛 㼚 㼠㼕 㼓 㼡 㼛 㼡 㼟 㻌 㼙 㼍 㼞㼕 㼚 㼑㻌
㼑㼏㼛㼟㼥㼟㼠㼑㼙㻚㻌

㻭㼘㼟㼛㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼕㼠㼑㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌 㼍㻌 㼐㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼑㻌 㼒㼍 㼡㼚㼍㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌
㼒㼘㼛㼞㼍㻌 㼎㼑㼏㼍㼡㼟㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼛㼙㼜㼘㼑㼤㻌 㼠㼛㼜㼛㼓㼞㼍㼜㼔㼥㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼐㼕㼒㼒㼑㼞㼑㼚㼏㼑㼟㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼣 㼑㼍㼠㼔㼑㼞㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼐㼕㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻌 㼎㼑㼠㼣 㼑㼑㼚㻌
㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼑 㼍 㼟㼠㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌 㼣 㼑 㼟㼠㻌 㼟㼕㼐 㼑 㼟㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼜 㼑 㼚㼕㼚 㼟㼡㼘㼍 㻚㻌
㻵㼠㻌 㼕㼟㻌 㼍 㼚㻌 㼕㼙 㼜㼛㼞㼠㼍㼚㼠㻌 㼎㼞㼑㼑㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼛㼞㻌 㼣 㼕㼚㼠㼑㼞㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼟㼕㼠㼑㻌
㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼓 㼘㼛㼎㼍㼘㼘㼥㻌 㼠㼔㼞㼑㼍 㼠㼑㼚㼑㼐㻌 㼎㼕㼞㼐㻌 㼟㼜㼑㼏㼕㼑㼟㻌 㼟㼡㼏㼔㻌 㼍㼟㻌
㻮㼘㼍㼗㼕㼟㼠㼛㼚㻓㼟㻌㼒㼕㼟㼔㻙㼛㼣㼘㻚

14

 The Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine 

and its Cultural Landscape

Property: 442 ha 

Buffer Zone: 3,221 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻿㻴 㻵㻹 㻭㻺 㻱 㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻜 㻣
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼕㼕)( 㼢)

㼀㼔㼑㻌 㻌 㼜㼞㼛㼜㼑㼞㼠㼥㻌 㻌 㼑㼤㼔㼕㼎㼕㼠㼟㻌 㻌 㼡㼚㼕㼢㼑㼞㼟㼍㼘㻌 㼛㼡㼠㼟㼠㼍㼚㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌
㼢 㼍 㼘 㼡 㼑㻌 㼍 㼟㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼟 㼕 㼠㼑㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼟 㼕㼘 㼢㼑 㼞㻌 㼙 㼕 㼚 㼑㻌 㼠㼔 㼍 㼠㻌
㼜 㼞㼛 㼐 㼡 㼏 㼑 㼐㻌 㼍 㻌 㼘 㼍 㼞㼓 㼑㻌 㼍 㼙 㼛 㼡 㼚 㼠㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼟㼕㼘 㼢㼑 㼞㻌 㼕 㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌
㻝 㻢 㼠㼔 㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐 㻌 㻝 㻣 㼠㼔 㻌 㼏 㼑 㼚 㼠㼡 㼞㼕 㼑 㼟 㻘㻌 㼠㼞㼕 㼓 㼓 㼑 㼞㼑 㼐 㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌
㼙㼍 㼟㼟㻌 㼜㼞㼛㼐㼡㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼓 㼛㼘㼐㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼟㼕㼘㼢㼑㼞㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌
㼠㼔㼞㼛㼡㼓 㼔㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼜㼞㼑㼍 㼐㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼕㼠㼟㻌 㼙㼕㼚㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼠㼑㼏㼔㼚㼕㼝㼡㼑㼟㻌
㼠㼛㻌 㼛㼠㼔㼑㼞㻌 㼙㼕㼚㼑㼟㻌 㼠㼔㼞㼛㼡㼓㼔㼛㼡㼠㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻘㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼑㼤㼑㼞㼠㼑㼐㻌
㼟㼕㼓 㼚㼕㼒㼕㼏㼍㼚㼠㻌 㼕㼚㼒㼘㼡㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌 㼡㼜㼛㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼔㼕㼟㼠㼛㼞㼥㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌
㼑 㼤 㼏 㼔 㼍 㼚 㼓 㼑㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼓 㼛 㼛 㼐 㼟㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌 㼏 㼛 㼙 㼙 㼡 㼚 㼕 㼏 㼍 㼠㼕 㼛 㼚 㼟㻌
㼍 㼙 㼛 㼚 㼓 㻌 㼏㼕㼢㼕㼘㼕㼦㼍 㼠㼕㼛 㼚 㼟㻘㻌 㼚 㼛 㼠㻌 㼛㼚㼘㼥㻌 㼎 㼑 㼠㼣 㼑 㼑 㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌
㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻱 㼍 㼟㼠㻌 㻭㼟㼕㼍㻌 㼎㼡㼠㻌 㼍㼘㼟㼛㻌 㼎㼑㼠㼣 㼑㼑㼚㻌 㻱 㼍㼟㼠㻌
㼍㼚㼐㻌㼃 㼑㼟㼠㻘㻌㼞㼑㼍㼏㼔㼕㼚㼓 㻌㼍㼟㻌㼒㼍㼞㻌㼍㼟㻌㻱 㼡㼞㼛㼜㼑㻚

18 Sites in Japan World Heritage List

15

 Ogasawara Islands

Property: 7,939 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㼀㻻 㻷 㼅 㻻 㻌㻹 㼑㼠㼞㼛㼜 㼛㼘㼕㼟
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻝 㻝
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼤)

㻻㼓 㼍㼟㼍 㼣 㼍㼞㼍㻌 㻵㼟㼘㼍㼚㼐㼟㻘㻌 㼐㼑㼟㼜㼕㼠㼑㻌 㼠㼔㼑㼕㼞㻌 㼟㼙㼍㼘㼘㻌 㼍 㼞㼑㼍㻘㻌
㼟㼔 㼛 㼣 㻌 㼍㻌 㼔㼕㼓 㼔㻌 㼞㼍 㼠㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼑 㼤㼕㼟㼠㼑㼚 㼏 㼑㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼑 㼚㼐 㼑 㼙 㼕㼏㻌
㼟 㼜 㼑 㼏 㼕 㼑 㼟㻌 㼕 㼐 㼑 㼚 㼠㼕 㼒㼕 㼑 㼐㻌 㼛 㼚 㼘 㼥㻌 㼕 㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼕 㼟㻌 㼍 㼞㼑 㼍 㻘㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌
㼜 㼞㼛 㼢 㼕 㼐 㼕 㼚 㼓 㻌 㼜 㼞㼑 㼏 㼕 㼛 㼡 㼟㻌 㼑 㼢 㼕 㼐 㼑 㼚 㼏 㼑㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼍 㼐 㼍 㼜 㼠㼕 㼢 㼑㻌
㼞㼍 㼐 㼕 㼍 㼠㼕 㼛 㼚 㻌 㼕 㼚 㻌 㼠㼔 㼑 㻌 㼜 㼞㼛 㼏 㼑 㼟 㼟 㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼑 㼢 㼛 㼘 㼡 㼠㼕 㼛 㼚 㻘㻌
㼜㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼡㼘㼍㼞㼘㼥㻌㼕㼚㻌㼟㼚㼍㼕㼘㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼢㼍㼟㼏㼡㼘㼍㼞㻌㼜㼘㼍㼚㼠㼟㻚

7

 Hiroshima Peace Memorial 

[Genbaku Dome]

Property: 0.39 ha 

Buffer Zone: 43 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻴 㻵㻾㻻 㻿㻴 㻵㻹 㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻢
㻯㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼢㼕)

㼀㼔 㼑㻌 㻴 㼕㼞㼛 㼟㼔 㼕㼙 㼍㻌 㻼 㼑 㼍 㼏 㼑㻌 㻹 㼑 㼙 㼛㼞㼕㼍 㼘㻌( 㻳 㼑 㼚 㼎 㼍 㼗 㼡㻌
㻰 㼛㼙㼑)㻌 㼣 㼍㼟㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼛㼚㼘㼥㻌 㼟㼠㼞㼡㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼘㼑㼒㼠㻌 㼟㼠㼍㼚㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼕㼚㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌㼍㼞㼑㼍㻌㼣 㼔㼑㼞㼑㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼒㼕㼞㼟㼠㻌㼍㼠㼛㼙㼕㼏㻌㼎㼛㼙㼎㻌㼑㼤㼜㼘㼛㼐㼑㼐㻌
㼛 㼚㻌 㻢 㻌 㻭 㼡 㼓 㼡㼟 㼠㻌 㻝㻥 㻠 㻡 㻚㻌 㼀㼔 㼞㼛 㼡 㼓 㼔㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼑 㼒㼒㼛 㼞㼠㼟㻌 㼛 㼒㻌
㼙 㼍 㼚㼥㻌 㼜㼑㼛㼜㼘㼑㻘㻌 㼕㼚㼏㼘㼡㼐㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼠㼔㼛㼟㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼕㼠㼥㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㻴㼕㼞㼛㼟㼔㼕㼙㼍㻘㻌 㼕㼠㻌 㼔㼍㼟㻌 㼎㼑㼑㼚㻌 㼜㼞㼑㼟㼑㼞㼢㼑㼐㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼍㼙㼑㻌
㼟 㼠㼍 㼠㼑㻌 㼍 㼟㻌 㼕㼙 㼙 㼑 㼐 㼑 㼍 㼠㼑 㼘 㼥㻌 㼍 㼒㼠㼑 㼞㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼎 㼛 㼙 㼎 㼕㼚 㼓 㻚㻌
㻺 㼛㼠㻌 㼛㼚㼘㼥㻌 㼕㼟㻌 㼕㼠㻌 㼍㻌 㼟㼠㼍㼞㼗㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼜㼛㼣 㼑㼞㼒㼡㼘㻌 㼟㼥㼙㼎㼛㼘㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼙 㼛㼟㼠㻌 㼐㼑㼟㼠㼞㼡㼏㼠㼕㼢㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼏㼑㻌 㼑㼢㼑㼞㻌 㼏㼞㼑㼍 㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼎㼥㻌
㼔㼡 㼙 㼍 㼚 㼗㼕㼚㼐 㻘㻌 㼕㼠㻌 㼍 㼘㼟㼛㻌 㼑 㼤㼜 㼞㼑 㼟㼟㼑 㼟㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼔㼛㼜 㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌
㼣 㼛㼞㼘㼐㻌 㼜㼑㼍㼏㼑㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼡㼘㼠㼕㼙㼍㼠㼑㻌 㼑㼘㼕㼙㼕㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼍㼘㼘㻌
㼚㼡㼏㼘㼑㼍㼞㻌㼣 㼑㼍㼜㼛㼚㼟㻚

8

 Itsukushima Shinto Shrine

Property: 431 ha 

Buffer Zone: 2,634 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻴 㻵㻾㻻 㻿㻴 㻵㻹 㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎㼑㼐㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻢
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕)( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼢)( 㼢㼕)

㼀㼔㼑㻌 㼕㼟㼘㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻵㼠㼟㼡㼗㼡㼟㼔㼕㼙㼍㻘㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻿㼑㼠㼛㻌 㼕㼚㼘㼍㼚㼐㻌
㼟㼑㼍㻘㻌㼔㼍㼟㻌㼎㼑㼑㼚㻌 㼍㻌㼔㼛㼘㼥㻌㼜㼘㼍㼏㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌㻿㼔㼕㼚㼠㼛㼕㼟㼙㻌㼟㼕㼚㼏㼑㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼑㼍 㼞㼘㼕㼑㼟㼠㻌 㼠㼕㼙 㼑㼟㻚㻌 㼀㼔㼑㻌 㼒㼕㼞㼟㼠㻌 㼟㼔㼞㼕㼚㼑㻌 㼎㼡㼕㼘㼐㼕㼚㼓 㼟㻌
㼔㼑㼞㼑㻌㼣 㼑㼞㼑㻌㼜㼞㼛㼎㼍㼎㼘㼥㻌㼑㼞㼑㼏㼠㼑㼐㻌㼕㼚㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻢 㼠㼔㻌㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥㻚㻌
㼀㼔㼑㻌㼜㼞㼑㼟㼑㼚㼠㻌㼟㼔㼞㼕㼚㼑㻌㼐㼍㼠㼑㼟㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻝㻟 㼠㼔㻌㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥㻌
㼍㼚㼐㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼔㼍㼞㼙㼛㼚㼕㼛㼡㼟㼘㼥㻌㼍㼞㼞㼍㼚㼓㼑㼐㻌㼎㼡㼕㼘㼐㼕㼚㼓 㼟㻌㼞㼑㼢㼑㼍㼘㻌
㼓 㼞㼑㼍 㼠㻌 㼍 㼞㼠㼕㼟㼠㼕㼏㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌 㼠㼑㼏㼔㼚㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌 㼟㼗㼕㼘㼘㻚㻌 㼀㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼔㼞㼕㼚㼑㻌
㼜 㼘㼍 㼥㼟㻌 㼛㼚㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼏 㼛 㼚 㼠㼞㼍 㼟 㼠㼟㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼏 㼛㼘㼛 㼡㼞㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼙㻌
㼎㼑㼠㼣 㼑㼑㼚㻌㼙㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼟㼑㼍㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼕㼘㼘㼡㼟㼠㼞㼍㼠㼑㼟㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌
㻶㼍 㼜 㼍 㼚㼑 㼟㼑㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼏㼑㼜 㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼟㼏 㼑㼚㼕㼏㻌 㼎㼑㼍 㼡 㼠㼥㻘㻌 㼣 㼔㼕㼏㼔㻌
㼏㼛㼙㼎㼕㼚㼑㼟㻌㼚㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼔㼡㼙㼍㼚㻌㼏㼞㼑㼍㼠㼕㼢㼕㼠㼥㻚

9

 Historic Monuments of  

Ancient Nara

Property: 617 ha 

Buffer Zone: 1,963 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻺 㻭㻾㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻝 㻥 㻥 㻤
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼕㼕)( 㼕㼢)( 㼢㼕)

㻺 㼍 㼞㼍㻌 㼣 㼍 㼟㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼍 㼜㼕㼠㼍㼘㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻶㼍 㼜㼍 㼚㻌 㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌 㻣 㻝㻜 㻌 㼠㼛㻌
㻣 㻤 㻠 㻚㻌 㻰 㼡 㼞㼕 㼚 㼓 㻌 㼠㼔 㼕 㼟㻌 㼜 㼑 㼞㼕 㼛 㼐㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼒㼞㼍 㼙 㼑 㼣 㼛 㼞㼗㻌 㼛 㼒㻌
㼚㼍 㼠㼕㼛㼚 㼍 㼘㻌 㼓 㼛㼢㼑㼞㼚㼙 㼑 㼚㼠㻌 㼣 㼍 㼟㻌 㼏 㼛㼚㼟㼛㼘㼕㼐㼍 㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌
㻺 㼍㼞㼍㻌㼑㼚㼖㼛㼥㼑㼐㻌㼓㼞㼑㼍㼠㻌㼜㼞㼛㼟㼜㼑㼞㼕㼠㼥㻘㻌㼑㼙㼑㼞㼓㼕㼚㼓㻌㼍㼟㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌
㼒㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㼔㼑㼍㼐㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌 㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻚㻌 㼀㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼕㼠㼥㻓㼟㻌
㼔㼕㼟㼠㼛㼞㼕㼏㻌 㼙㼛㼚㼡㼙㼑㼚㼠㼟㻙㻮㼡㼐㼐㼔㼕㼟㼠㻌 㼠㼑㼙㼜㼘㼑㼟㻘㻌 㻿㼔㼕㼚㼠㼛㻌
㼟㼔㼞㼕㼚㼑㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼑㼤㼏㼍㼢㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌㼞㼑㼙㼍㼕㼚㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼓㼞㼑㼍㼠㻌
㻵㼙㼜㼑㼞㼕㼍㼘㻌 㻼㼍㼘㼍㼏㼑㻙㻼㼞㼛㼢㼕㼐㼑㻌 㼍㻌 㼢㼕㼢㼕㼐㻌 㼜㼕㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼘㼕㼒㼑㻌
㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻶㼍 㼜 㼍 㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌 㼏㼍 㼜㼕㼠㼍 㼘㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻤 㼠㼔㻌 㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥㻘㻌
㼍㻌 㼜 㼑 㼞㼕㼛 㼐㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼜 㼞㼛 㼒㼛 㼡 㼚 㼐㻌 㼜 㼛㼘㼕㼠㼕㼏 㼍 㼘㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌 㼏 㼡㼘㼠㼡 㼞㼍 㼘㻌
㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑㻚

16

 Hiraizumi   

Temples, Gardens and Archeological 

Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure 

land

Property: 187 ha 

Buffer Zone: 5,998 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻵㼃 㻭㼀㻱 㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎 㼑㼐㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻝 㻝
㻯㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕)( 㼢㼕)

“ 㻴㼕㼞㼍㼕㼦㼡㼙㼕”㻌㼕㼟㻌㼍㻌㼟㼠㼞㼕㼗㼕㼚㼓㻌㼏㼍㼟㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㼏㼞㼑㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼍㼕㼙㼑㼐㻌

㼠㼛㻌 㼞㼑㼍㼘㼕㼦㼑㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼜㼑㼏㼕㼍㼘㻌 㼑㼤㼜㼞㼑㼟㼟㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻮㼡㼐㼐㼔㼍㼗㼟㼑㼠㼞㼍㻌

( 㻼㼡㼞㼑㻌 㻸㼍㼚㼐)㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼞㼑㼍㼘㻌 㼣 㼛㼞㼘㼐㻌 㼎㼍㼟㼑㼐㻌 㼛㼚㻌 㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌

㻮㼡㼐㼐㼔㼕㼟㼙㻌 㻘㻌 㼠㼔㼛㼡㼓㼔㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼜㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼘㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼓 㼞㼛㼣 㼚㻌 㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌 㼕㼠㻌 㼕㼚㻌
㼜㼍㼞㼠㼕㼏㼡㼘㼍㼞㻘㻌 㼣 㼔㼕㼏㼔㻌 㼔㼍㼐㻌 㼎㼑㼑㼚㻌 㼑㼚㼐㼛㼣 㼑㼐㻌 㼣 㼕㼠㼔㻌 㼡㼚㼕㼝㼡㼑㻌
㻶㼍 㼜 㼍 㼚 㼑 㼟 㼑㻌 㼏 㼔 㼍 㼞㼍 㼏 㼠㼑 㼞㼕 㼟 㼠㼕 㼏 㼟㻌 㼒㼡 㼟 㼑 㼐㻌 㼣 㼕 㼠㼔㻌 㼍 㼚 㼏 㼕 㼑 㼚 㼠㻌
㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌 㼠㼔㼛㼡㼓㼔㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼚㼍㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼣 㼛㼞㼟㼔㼕㼜㻘㻌 㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻢 㼠㼔㻌
㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥㻌㼣 㼔㼑㼚㻌㻮㼡㼐㼐㼔㼕㼟㼙㻌㼣 㼍㼟㻌㼕㼚㼠㼞㼛㼐㼡㼏㼑㼐㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㻯㼔㼕㼚㼍㻌
㼍㼚㼐㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻷㼛㼞㼑㼍㼚㻌㻼㼑㼚㼕㼚㼟㼡㼘㼍㻌㼠㼛㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻝㻞 㼠㼔㻌㼏㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥㻚㻌

“ 㻴 㼕 㼞㼍 㼕 㼦 㼡 㼙 㼕”㻌 㼕 㼟㻌 㼍 㻌 㼜 㼞㼛 㼙 㼕 㼚 㼑 㼚 㼠㻌 㼞㼑 㼜 㼞㼑 㼟 㼑 㼚 㼠㼍 㼠㼕 㼛 㼚㻌 㼛 㼒㻌

㼕㼙㼜㼛㼞㼠㼍㼚㼠㻌 㼔㼡㼙㼍㼚㻌 㼕㼚㼠㼑㼞㼍㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼑㼚㼟㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼢㼍㼘㼡㼑㼟㻌
㼍 㼟㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼐 㼑 㼟㼕 㼓 㼚㻌 㼏 㼛 㼚 㼏 㼑 㼜 㼠㻌 㼍 㼚 㼐㻌 㼐 㼑 㼟㼕 㼓 㼚㻌 㼐 㼞㼍 㼒㼠㼕 㼚 㼓 㻌 㼛 㼒㻌
㼍㼞㼏㼔㼕㼠㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼔㼛㼞㼠㼕㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㼕㼚㻌㻱 㼍㼟㼠㻌㻭㼟㼕㼍㻌㼍㼟㻌㼣 㼑㼘㼘㻌㼍㼟㻌
㼟㼔㼛㼣㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼕㼙㼜㼛㼞㼠㼍㼚㼠㻌 㼟㼠㼑㼜㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼔㼡㼙㼍㼚㻌 㼔㼕㼟㼠㼛㼞㼥㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㼟㼑㻌
㼒㼕㼑㼘㼐㼟㻚㻌

17

 Fujisan, sacred place and 

source of artistic inspiration

Property: 20,702 ha 

Buffer Zone: 49,627 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㼅㻭㻹 㻭㻺 㻭㻿㻴 㻵㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻌㻿㻴 㻵㼆㼁 㻻 㻷㻭㻌
㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎㼑㼐㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻝 㻟
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕㼕)( 㼢㼕)

㻲㼡㼖㼕㼟㼍㼚㻌 㼕㼟㻌 㼍㻌 㼟㼍㼏㼞㼑㼐㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼟㼛㼘㼑㼙㼚㻌 㼒㼕㼓㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌 㼍㻌 㼔㼛㼘㼥㻌
㼜㼘㼍 㼏㼑㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼣 㼔㼕㼏㼔㻌 㼜㼑㼛㼜㼘㼑㻌 㼙 㼍 㼗㼑㻌 㼜㼕㼘㼓 㼞㼕㼙 㼍 㼓 㼑㼟㻌 ─㻌
㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼒㼛㼛㼠㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼙㼛㼡㼚㼠㼍㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼕㼠㼟㻌 㼟㼡㼙㼙㼕㼠㻚㻌
㼀㼔㼕㼟㻌 㼐㼑㼢㼛㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼓㼍㼢㼑㻌 㼎㼕㼞㼠㼔㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼔㼑㼞㼕㼟㼔㼑㼐㻌 㼕㼐㼑㼍㻌
㼠㼔㼍㼠㻌“ 㻲㼡㼖㼕㼟㼍㼚”㻌 㼕㼟㻌 㼎㼑㼘㼕㼑㼢㼑㼐㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼔㼍㼢㼑㻌 㼓 㼍㼕㼚㼑㼐㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌
㼟㼡㼜㼑㼞㼚㼍 㼠㼡㼞㼍 㼘㻌 㼜㼛㼣 㼑㼞㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㻿 㼔㼕㼚㼠㼛㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌 㻮㼡㼐 㼐㼔㼕㼟㼠㻌
㼐㼑㼕㼠㼕㼑㼟㻘㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼞㼑㼜㼞㼑㼟㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌“ 㼟㼥㼙㼎㼛㼘㼕㼏㻌 㼐㼑㼍 㼠㼔㻌 㼍 㼚㼐㻌
㼟㼜㼕㼞㼕㼠㼡㼍㼘㻌㼞㼑㼎㼕㼞㼠㼔㻘”㻌㼣 㼔㼑㼞㼑㻌㼛㼚㼑㻌㼐㼕㼑㼟㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼕㼟㻌㼞㼑㼎㼛㼞㼚㻚㻌
㻲㼡㼖㼕㼟㼍㼚㻌㼔㼍㼟㻌㼍㼘㼟㼛㻌㼎㼑㼑㼚㻌㼐㼑㼜㼕㼏㼠㼑㼐㻌㼕㼚㻌㼙㼍㼚㼥㻌㼣 㼛㼞㼗㼟㻌
㼛㼒㻌 㼍㼞㼠㻘㻌 㼟㼡㼏㼔㻌 㼍㼟㻌㼁 㼗㼕㼥㼛㻙㼑㻌 㼜㼍㼕㼚㼠㼕㼚㼓㼟㻘㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼔㼍㼟㻌 㼔㼍㼐㻌
㼍㻌 㼜㼞㼛㼒㼛㼡㼚㼐㻌 㼑㼒㼒㼑㼏㼠㻌 㼛㼚㻌 㼚㼡㼙㼑㼞㼛㼡㼟㻌 㼒㼛㼞㼑㼕㼓㼚㻌 㼍㼞㼠㼕㼟㼠㼟㻚㻌
㻲㼡㼖㼕㼟㼍㼚㻌 ─㻌 㼟㼍㼏㼞㼑㼐㻌 㼜㼘㼍㼏㼑㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼟㼛㼡㼞㼏㼑㻌 㼛㼒㻌 㼍㼞㼠㼕㼟㼠㼕㼏㻌
㼕㼚㼟㼜㼕㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 ─㻌 㼕㼟㻌 㼔㼕㼓㼔㼘㼥㻌 㼍㼜㼜㼞㼑㼏㼕㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼢㼍㼘㼡㼑㼐㻌
㼣 㼛㼞㼘㼐㼣㼕㼐㼑㻚

18

 Tomioka Silk Mill and Related 

Sites

Property: 7.2 ha 

Buffer Zone: 414.6 ha
㻸㼛㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻦㻌㻳㼁 㻺 㻹 㻭㻌㻼㼞㼑㼒㼑㼏㼠㼡㼞㼑
㻵㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎㼑㼐 㻦㻌㻞 㻜 㻝 㻠
㻯 㼞㼕㼠㼑㼞㼕㼍㻦( 㼕㼕)( 㼕㼢)

“ 㼀㼛㼙㼕㼛㼗㼍㻌 㻿㼕㼘㼗㻌 㻹 㼕㼘㼘㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㻾㼑㼘㼍㼠㼑㼐㻌 㻿㼕㼠㼑㼟”㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼟㼕㼟㼠㼟㻌 㼛㼒㻌

㼒㼛㼡㼞㻌 㼟㼕㼠㼑㼟㻌 㼠㼔㼍㼠㻌 㼏㼛㼞㼞㼑㼟㼜㼛㼚㼐㻌 㼠㼛㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼐㼕㼒㼒㼑㼞㼑㼚㼠㻌 㼟㼠㼍㼓㼑㼟㻌
㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼜㼞㼛㼐㼡 㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛 㼒㻌 㼞㼍 㼣 㻌 㼟㼕㼘㼗㻦㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼒㼕㼞㼟㼠㻙㼑 㼢㼑 㼞㻌 㼟㼕㼘㼗㻌
㼙 㼕㼘㼘㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㻶㼍 㼜 㼍 㼚㻌 㻔㼀㼛㼙 㼕㼛㼗㼍㻌 㻿 㼕㼘㼗㻌 㻹 㼕㼘㼘㻕㻘㻌 㼠㼔 㼑㻌 㼜㼞㼛㼠㼛㼠㼥㼜㼑㻌
㼛㼒㻌 㼙 㼛㼐㼑㼞㼚㻌 㼟㼑㼞㼕㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㼒㼍 㼞㼙 㼔㼛㼡㼟㼑㼟㻌 㻔㼀㼍 㼖㼕㼙 㼍㻌 㼅 㼍 㼔㼑㼕㻌
㻿㼑㼞㼕㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㻲㼍㼞㼙㻕㻘㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼟㼑㼞㼕㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌㼑㼐㼡㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㼒㼍㼏㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥㻌
㻔㼀㼍㼗㼍㼥㼍㼙㼍㻙㼟㼔㼍㻌 㻿 㼑㼞㼕㼏㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻌 㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘㻕㻘㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼛㼘㼐㻌
㼟㼠㼛㼞㼍 㼓 㼑㻌 㼒㼍 㼏㼕㼘㼕㼠㼥㻌 㼒㼛㼞㻌 㼟㼕㼘㼗㻙㼣 㼛㼞㼙㻌 㼑㼓 㼓 㼟㻌 㻔㻭㼞㼍㼒㼡㼚㼑㻌 㻯 㼛㼘㼐㻌
㻿㼠㼛㼞㼍㼓㼑㻕㻚㻌 㼀㼔㼑㼟㼑㻌 㼟㼕㼠㼑㼟㻌 㼔㼍㼢㼑㻌 㼣 㼛㼞㼘㼐㼣 㼕㼐㼑㻌 㼟㼕㼓㼚㼕㼒㼕㼏㼍㼚㼏㼑㻌
㼍㼟㻌㼍㻌㼜㼘㼍㼏㼑㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㼠㼑㼏㼔㼚㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㼑㼤㼏㼔㼍㼚㼓㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼕㼚㼚㼛㼢㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼕㼚㻌
㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼟㼕㼘㼗㼣 㼛㼞㼙㻙㼞㼍㼕㼟㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼍㼚㼐㻌 㼟㼕㼘㼗㻙㼞㼑㼑㼘㼕㼚㼓㻌 㼕㼚㼐㼡㼟㼠㼞㼕㼑㼟㻚㻌 㼀㼔㼕㼟㻌
㼜㼞㼛㼜㼑㼞㼠㼥㻌 㼣 㼍㼟㻌 㼕㼚㼟㼏㼞㼕㼎㼑㼐㻌 㼛㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼃 㼛㼞㼘㼐㻌 㻴 㼑㼞㼕㼠㼍㼓㼑㻌 㻸㼕㼟㼠㻌
㼎㼑㼏㼍㼡㼟㼑㻌㼕㼠㻌㼕㼘㼘㼡㼟㼠㼞㼍㼠㼑㼟㻌㼔㼛㼣 㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌㼜㼘㼍㼥㼑㼐㻌㼍㻌㼜㼞㼛㼙㼕㼚㼑㼚㼠㻌
㼞㼛㼘㼑㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼣 㼛㼞㼘㼐㻓㼟㻌 㼞㼍㼣 㻙㼟㼕㼘㼗㻌 㼙㼍㼞㼗㼑㼠㻌 㼕㼚㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼎㼑㼓㼕㼚㼚㼕㼚㼓 㻌
㼛㼒㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㻞 㻜 㼠㼔㻌 㻯㼑㼚㼠㼡㼞㼥㻘㻌 㼎㼍㼟㼑㼐㻌 㼛㼚㻌 㼙㼍㼟㼟㻌 㼜㼞㼛㼐㼡㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼔㼕㼓㼔㻙㼝㼡㼍㼘㼕㼠㼥㻌 㼞㼍㼣 㻌 㼟㼕㼘㼗㻌 㼞㼑㼍㼘㼕㼦㼑㼐㻌 㼎㼥㻌 㼠㼔㼑㻌 㼏㼛㼚㼠㼞㼕㼎㼡㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌 㼛㼒㻌
㼠㼔㼑㼟㼑㻌㼒㼛㼡㼞㻌㼟㼕㼠㼑㼟㻌㼠㼔㼍㼠㻌㼒㼡㼚㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㼑㼐㻌㼠㼛㼓㼑㼠㼔㼑㼞㻌㼑㼒㼒㼑㼏㼠㼕㼢㼑㼘㼥㻚


background image

- 141 -

ICOMOS (website)

ICCROM (website)


background image

- 142 -

DOCOMOMO Japan (website)

Angkor historical remains (Bayon Temple)


background image

- 143 -

Structural analysis of Bayon Temple’s corridor

Prasat Suor Prat’s Tower, Dismantling and Repair Work


background image

- 144 -

Prasat Suor Prat’s Tower, Dismantling and Repair Work

Sambor Prei Kuk Remains, Research, Repair-Restoration, Capacity Building


background image

- 145 -

Sambor Prei Kuk Remains, Research, Repair-Restoration, Capacity Building


background image

background image

background image

- 148 -


background image

- 149 -

Modernization of traditional architecture in 

Japan - Possibility of Cultural Value through 

Sukiya

Nanjing Tech University

Dept. Architecture 

Yasutaka Matsumoto

contents

1. What is Sukiya (tea-ceremony arbor)?

2. Acquisition of modern publicity

3. Change in physical space

4. Change in conceptual position

5. Summary


background image

- 150 -

contents

1. What is Sukiya?

2. Acquisition of modern publicity

3. Change in physical space

4. Change in conceptual position

5. Summary

Japanese traditional architecture

Religious building :

Shinto

Buddhist temple

Residential building:

Ruling class

Shinden

style

Shoin

style

Sukiya

style

machiya
farmhouses

The public people

Conventional religion

Foreign religion

Sukiya

( tea-ceremony  room)


background image

- 151 -

Two tea ceremonies

• Tensho ~ Kanaga (1573-1643)
• Sung Zen Tea ceremony + Japanese linked-

verse

• Korean pottery, potter
• "'Wabi-Sab 侘 · 寂“ 

brew tea ( Sencha Tea 

ceremony 

• 18th ~ 19th centuries
• Ming Qing literary tea + Japanese dynasty culture
• Literate exchanges with the Nagasaki and Tang 

people, and Literary interactionwith the Korean 

correspondent

• "Clean air 清風 “ 

Tea ceremony (

Matcha tea)

Sen Rikyu

(1522-1591)

Baisaoh

(1675-1763)

図版出典:『茶道聚錦3千利休』小学館、1983/『若冲と蕪村―生誕三百年同い年の天才絵師』MIHO MUSEUM、2015

Matcha tea 's space

図版出典:『茶道大観』創元社、1977


background image

- 152 -

Sencha tea 's space

図版出典:『青湾茶会図録』1863/『高遊會茗筵図録第三輯』やまと画報社写真部、1932/『建築写真文庫60煎茶室』彰国社、1957

Influence on Sukiya style 

Matcha's space

Sencha's space

Fusion of Matcha and Sencha

social culture of Shogunate officials

Social culture of literary people

(Matcha and Sencha as a preference)

Sukiya style

17th century

19th century


background image

- 153 -

目次

1. What is Sukiya?

2. Acquisition of modern publicity

3. Change in physical space

4. Change in conceptual position

5. Summary


background image

- 154 -

The birth of a modern park

Meiji 6 (1873) decree by the Great Council of State

Tokyo: Ueno, Asakusa, Shiba, Shenzhen, Asukiyama

正院達第拾六号 府県ヘ

三府ヲ始、人民輻輳ノ地ニシテ、古来ノ勝区名人ノ致跡地等是迄群集遊観ノ場所

(東京ニ於テハ金竜山浅草寺、東叡山寛永寺境内ノ類、京都ニ於テハ八坂神社境内

嵐山ノ類、然テ此等境内除地或ハ公有地ノ類)従前高外除地ニ属セル分ハ永ク万人

偕楽ノ地トシ、公園ト可被相定ニ付、府県ニ於テ右地所ヲ撰シ其景況巨細取調、図

面相添大蔵省ヘ可伺出事

明治六年一月十五日

太 政 官

図版出典:google map

Sukiya installed in the park 

Koyo-Kan (fall foliage) hall in Shiba

Park 

Development plan of Shiba Park in Tokyo pref. (Meiji 13: 1880)

Because Kaizan is the most winning landscape under 

the Shiba Park, (abbreviation), as a space of 

entertainment for foreign ministers, the pavilions are 

constructed

Land rental application by civilians (Meiji 13: 1880)

Building a very clean house 

頗ル清潔ナル家屋

ヲ建築シ、(中略)、内外之貴客高士此楼ニ憩

デ所恥無之程之体裁ヲ相備申度

→ Conscious of a foreigner, emphasizing "Purifying clean" as public 

social facilities  (Modernization of architecture is also suggested)

図版出典:桐浴邦夫『近代数寄屋建築の黎明 : 公に設置された明治期の数寄屋建築』東京大学博士論文、2000


background image

- 155 -

Sukiya installed in the park 

Shiba Park and Koyo-Kan (fall 

foliage) Hall

+ Noh Theater

+ Matcha room ʹ2

図版出典:桐浴邦夫『近代数寄屋建築の黎明 : 公に設置された明治期の数寄屋建築』東京大学博士論文、2000

Sukiya installed in the park 

Kōjimachi Park’s Hoshioka Tea 

House

As a teacher of tea ceremony 

茶道の宗匠松田宗貞翁、寮を

守る、客を迎へて接待す、頗る慇懃なり、茶寮に関する

一切の事務を管理す。

People related to Royal Court

詩歌を吟詠し、書画を揮灑し、文を論し、禪を談し、香

を聞き、琴を撫し、棋を闘し、鞠を蹴す

“elegance and delicacy” traditional hobby

Construction request for tea house by Civilians (Meiji 15)

同所江取設候ハヽ高尚風雅之人ハ勿論、公園来遊之

輩モ自然ト高尚閑雅ノ思想ヲ感動候様立至リ、

improving customs 

風俗改良ノ一端トモ相成可候


background image

- 156 -

Sukiya installed in the park 

Hoshioka Tea House in Kojimachi

Park

→ Public social facilities for Japanese

(With the intention for Improving customs, dynastic culture-centered traditional 

culture can be promoted)

Miya room, master carpenter

Carpenters in Kyoto, timber

Tea room, Noh Stage

Sakaiki

茶会記

→ On the tea ceremony led by those who have a taste for the arts, Literary public sphere is established.

Courtesy 

Morality

• Discussion on tea ceremonies on magazines 

(1932)

図版出典:山荘流茶道教室HP(http://sansouryu.web.fc2.com/souhan.html)/熊倉功夫『近代数寄者の茶の湯』河原書店、1997

/日本国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション

Takahashi Shunan

(1861-1937)

Takaya Tomonori

(1851-1933)

• A tea ceremony portrayed in a newspaper 

(1912 -)

Hobby

Entertainment


background image

- 157 -

Traditional culture of Sukiya and tea 

ceremony
• Sukiya is a public social space of the modern cities 

• Public sphere of tea ceremony occurred through media by the 

moderns who had a taste for the arts

Sukiya acquires publicness physically and conceptually, and becomes 

a public traditional culture

contents

1. What is Sukiya?

2. Acquisition of modern publicity

3. Change in physical space

4. Change in conceptual position

5. Summary


background image

- 158 -

• Chair
• Glass
• Electrical
• Ventilation plan

Introduction of Western culture, modern 

building materials, and equipment

• Chair
• Glass
• Electrical
• Ventilation plan

Introduction of Western culture, modern 

building materials, and equipment


background image

- 159 -

• Chair
• Glass
• Electrical
• Ventilation plan

図版出典:矢ケ崎善太郎「建築家・藤井厚二の茶室と茶の湯」『建築史論聚』思文閣出版、 2004

Introduction of Western culture, modern 

building materials, and equipment

Changes of the person in charge

施主

Owner

棟梁

Chief 

craftsman

宗匠

master

Pre-modern


background image

- 160 -

施主

Owner

棟梁

Chief 

craftsman

宗匠

master

三代木津宗詮(1862-1939)

Changes of the person in charge

Changes of the person in charge

施主

Owne

r

棟梁

Chief 

craftsman

宗匠

master

小林一三(1873-1957)


background image

- 161 -

Changes of the person in charge

施主

Owner

棟梁

Chief 

craftsman

宗匠

master

笛吹嘉一郎(1898-1969)

Changes of the person in charge

施主

Owne

r

棟梁

Chief 

craftsman

宗匠

master

施主

Owne

r

建築家

archite

ct

棟梁

Chief 

craftsma

n

Post-modern

宗匠

master

design

construction

design
construction

design

Pre-modern


background image

- 162 -

Changes of the person in charge

Owner

棟梁

Chief 

craftsma

n

宗匠

master

design
construction

design

Modern Design

Tea ceremony practice

Pre-modern

施主

Owne

r

建築家

archite

ct

棟梁

Chief 

craftsma

n

Post-modern

宗匠

master

design

construction

Changes of the person in charge

図版出典:SD編集部『堀口捨己(現代の建築家)』鹿島出版会、 1983

施主

Owne

r

建築家

archite

ct

棟梁

Chief 

craftsma

n

Post-modern

宗匠

master

design

construction


background image

- 163 -

目次

1. What is Sukiya?

2. Acquisition of modern publicity

3. Change in physical space

4. Change in conceptual position

5. Summary

Decline of 

Matcha 抹茶, the rise of Sencha煎茶

Brew tea ( Sencha Tea 

ceremony 

Tea ceremony (

Matcha tea)

The authority of the Edo shogunate

Literati, noble

Meiji Restoration


background image

- 164 -

Approach to the Emperor

• Shrine's dedication tea 

(1880-)

• Dedication to the Emperor 

(1887)

図版出典:『茶道聚錦6近代の茶の湯』小学館、1985

Rise of Toyotomi Hideyoshi

明治31年(1898)豊太閤三百年祭大茶会

• 朝鮮出兵

• 大陸進出

年日清戦争

年閔妃暗殺事件

年日露戦争


background image

- 165 -

Removal of Chinese elements

• Sencha decline, Matcha prosperity

大茶会

抹茶 煎茶

1886

北野大茶の湯

300

年記念

1890

利休三百年忌

1895

大師会

1898

豊公三百年祭

1902

十八会

1915

光悦会

1921

東山大茶会

1904

日露戦争

1894

日清戦争

1900

義和団の乱

1912

山中商会

恭親王コレクション買収

1931

満州事変

1937

盧溝橋事件

Attempt to "reconstruction" of Sencha

黄檗山売茶堂落慶煎茶会

1928

一碗からピースフルネスを

" After the World War Two, for the first time, about 

the traditional culture world, in particular from the 

tea flower world,  I have played role in helping 

represent the Japanese-American cultural exchange 

and international friendship through the tea 

ceremony as a representative, understand that 

Japanese people love peace culture by the spirit of 

the tea ceremony "

“Peacefulness through a Bowl of Tea”

• Construction of a Peace 

• tea ceremony master from 

Culture State 

千家家元

‘s Leap after the war

図版出典:『淡交』淡交社、1951


background image

- 166 -

Public tea-room

• Tea room available for the public
• School free / tasteless

目次

1. What is Sukiya?

2. Acquisition of modern publicity

3. Change in physical space

4. Change in conceptual position

5. Summary


background image

- 167 -

In conclusion

With the passage of parks and modern bourgeoisie, Sukiya style became a traditional Japanese culture.

In the course of traditional culturalization, westernization and modernization were under way.

The change of regime of the Meiji Restoration, the war, the rise of nationalism, postwar democracy had influence.

Although the Chinese element or the Korean element is weak in the current Sukiya-style 

architecture, it is the result of developing as a modernism architecture deleting the 

strongly infused tea elements such as China and Korea.

In other words, relations not only in the West but also in East Asia have greatly influenced 

changes in the modern traditional space.

When seeing the cultural heritage value of Sukiya, it can be seen as Zen tea culture in China during the 

Middle Ages, the Ming-Qing’s literary culture and the Korean literary culture in modern times, and the 

cultural heritage of the Western Modernist movement in modern times.

I think that it is necessary to pay attention to the spread of cultural heritage and to connect existing 

divided heritage, and to share these heritage to everyone in the future, and to pass it with loving care.

thank you for your attention.


background image

- 168 -


background image

- 169 -


background image

- 170 -


background image

- 171 -

Discussing cultural heritage in the 20th century 

East Asian history

- Through the Amrok River Bridge and Supung Dam -

金沢大学 新学術創成研究機構

Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University

Ryuichi Tanigawa (谷川竜一)

Background of the presentation

The modernity of East Asia in the 20th century can not be discussed 

without regard to the history of colonization by Japan.

Purpose of presentation

Throughout the history of two symbolic structures, this study considers 

the modernity of East Asia in the 20th century.

· Amrok (Yalu, Ch.) River bridge completed in 1911

· Supung Dam (Hydroelectric Power Station) which began operation in 

1941

→ Both buildings have not been known internationally as cultural 

heritage

→ This study approaches the essential meaning of cultural heritage


background image

- 172 -

仁川税関(

The Customs Office in Inchon)

度支部建築所『建築所事業概要第一次』

1909年

釜山税関(

The Customs Office in Busan)

度支部建築所『建築所事業概要第一次』

1909年

2. Amrok River Bridge (rotating bridge)

Rotating  Amrok(Yalu) River bridge completed in 1911
(間組百年史編纂委員会『間組百年史』

1889-1945、株式会社間組、1989年、

168頁)

2. Amrok River Bridge (rotating bridge)


background image

- 173 -

Chinese led by 揚国棟 and their caisson construction work

(間組百年史編纂委員会『間組百年史』

1889-1945、株式会社間組、1989年、174頁)

Construction with Goliath crane

(間組百年史編纂委員会『間組百年史』

1889-1945、株式会社間組、1989年、182頁)

2. Amrok River Bridge (rotating bridge)

2. Amrok River Bridge (rotating bridge)

(辛基秀編『昔日の朝鮮』(上)労働経済社、1986年)

As well as everyday, on the days of the 

cherry blossom season and other occassion, 

many people visited Andong / Shinuiju City.

(辛基秀編『昔日の朝鮮』(上)労働経済社、1986年)

By 1934, the bridge turned twice in the morning 

and once in the afternoon.

-時間


background image

- 174 -

NARA 80-G-Box1731-423495

A Severance of Amrok River Bridge

Right is the cutting part of the end

2. Amrok River Bridge 

(rotating bridge)


background image

- 175 -

Supung dam’s construction site

『間組百年史編纂委員会編『間組百年史 1889-1945』(株式会社間組、1989)

Supung Dam

『間組百年史編纂委員会編『間組百年史 1889-1945』(株式会社間組、1989)

3.Supung Dam

In the Supung Dam, its length 900 m, its height 106 m, power 

generation capacity is 700 thousand kW (ultimately, 600 thousand 

kW)

3.Supung Dam

Left: Engineers of Nippon Nitrogen Fertilizer Co., Ltd. (Nikkito) who has developed mountains 

of North Korea(原田清司『水豊発電所工事大観』土建文化社、1942年)

Right: the Supung Dam became a symbol of Empire Japan at the time of the war between the 

US and Japan.(『写真週報』194号、内閣情報局、1941年11月12日(アジア歴史史料センター、A06031078900))


background image

- 176 -

Completion of the Supung Dam and its construction site 
(左下、右端;『日本植民地史』1朝鮮、毎日新聞社、

1978年、221頁。下中央;間組百年史編纂委員会編『間組百年史 1889-1945』株式会社間組、1989年、645頁、左

上;水豊ダム建設を担った技術者である竹林孝一氏提供)

「Supung Dam is Our Pride」

It is not enough to just look at the Supung Dam as a symbol 

of the Japanese empire.

As an infrastructure, the Supung Dam has supported North 

Korea’s industry and life since independence.

→ The meaning of this dam is open to a polysemous context

『労働新聞』1955年7月29日号、労働新聞社

『雑誌朝鮮』25号、1958年。

In the North Korean magazine 

(left, Japanese version) and 

"Labor newspaper", the Supung

dam has appeared many times in 

the 1950s.


background image

- 177 -

4. The meaning of cultural heritage is opened to polysemous historical context

The buildings are telling the history of Japan’s Asian invasion in 

the first half of the 20th century

→ There is a circumstance that we can not converge to a simple 

meaning carefully when we look at history.

4. The meaning of cultural heritage is opened to polysemous historical context

Meaning after the war

Yalu River Bridge

· Memory of cooperation between China and North Korea in the Korean War

· History of American bombing

· Cultural heritage for patriotic education

(Recalling the history of the solidarity between North Korea-China, and the 

violence of the US military because the bridge was cut)

Supung Dam

· North Korean people have been primarily restored, constructed and remodeled

· Memory of cooperation with the East-European bloc

· Infrastructure to support industry and life as a symbol of the country

→ The more important active infrastructure that supports modern society, the 

more multilayered it means.


background image

- 178 -

"Politicalization of places to discuss world heritage is proceeding"(稲葉信子「世界遺

産条約の今後」『世界遺産学研究』No.2、筑波大学、2016)

(Nobuko Inaba "The future of the World Heritage Convention" "World Heritage Studies No.2, Tsukuba University, 2016)

→ Cultural heritage shows high affinity with nationalism.

When cultural heritage is linked with nationalism, we forget the meaning 

of each one that should be opened polysemously.  It (nationalism) 

simplifies the meaning.

4. The meaning of cultural heritage opened to polysemous historical context

Q) Imagine a world of distant future without thinking about cultural 

heritage first.

→ What cultural heritage the building wil  have in a distant future society? 

Cultural heritages, though strongly conscious of the past, but tel  much 

about the future.

4.The meaning of cultural heritage opened to polysemous historical context


background image

- 179 -

Q) How is it that a society that emphasizes the living community in the 

region is made rather than ethic community after 100 years from now?

Q) How can these monuments(buildings) be accepted in the society after 

2000 and 3000 from now?

→ Washing in the flow of a long time, these buildings wil  have “universal 

value” according to their time span and future image to be revealed.

The remarkable universal value is the value we should consider with our 

future image.

4.The meaning of cultural heritage opened to polysemous historical context

② To carefully pick up the diverse historic meanings of the building

→ However, in terms of the long term, merely exchanging such polysemous

meanings by people does not make much sense. The important thing is to 

create / maintain a platform that can discuss such polysemous meanings 

according to the future image of East Asia.

4.The meaning of cultural heritage opened to polysemous historical context


background image

- 180 -

The philosophy of the substance of the UNESCO supporting the World Heritage 

System

“In United Nations (UN), the UNESCO is a specialized agency aiming to promote 

international peace and the welfare of mankind, through cooperation and 

exchange of education, science and culture of the people"

→ Does UNESCO 's philosophy underpinning the World Heritage System have 

the essential meaning and purpose of the cultural heritage?

4.The meaning of cultural heritage opened to polysemous historical context


background image

- 181 -


background image

- 182 -


background image

- 183 -

Our Heritage & the Sustainable 

Development Goals
: Sustainable Cities and Heritage 

24 October 2018_National Palace Museum

UNESCO Chair International Conference

Sustainable Conservation of Cultural Heritage in Asia and the Pacific

Jihon Kim
Senior Programme Specialist, Division of Int’l Relations,
Korean National Commission for UNESCO
Adjunct Professor, Cultural Management School,
Sungkunkwan University

Dresden Elbe Valley (Germany)

(2004) World Heritage inscription 
(2006) Construction plan for a bridge 
crossing core zone of the heritage 

-> World Heritage in Danger

(2008) Residents’ vote

-> In favor of construction

(2009) Deletion of the site from the 
World Heritage List

-> First cultural heritage site

delisted and only one so far

Delisting of World Heritage

2


background image

- 184 -

“Heritage is our legacy from the past, 

what we live with today, 

and what we pass on to 

future generations”

Heritage Defined

UNESCO defines heritage as...

3

Creation of World Heritage Convention 

3

Background to the World Heritage Convention
International campaign for the Nubian monuments of Egypt (1959)

Restoration of Venice (1966)

Adoption of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World 
Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972)
- 193 States Parties with 1,092 sites on the List 

From the Nubian Campaign to the Convention

4


background image

- 185 -

‘5Cs’ and Local Community

Strategic Objectives (2002)
- Credibility
- Conservation
- Capacity-Building
- Communication 
- Community (added in 2007) -> “5Cs” 

Role of the Local Community 
- 76% of World Heritage sites under development pressure

<- More than the threat from war or natural disaster

- Action needed to recover the linkage between the local community 
and heritage to ensure transmission to future generations 

5

“Transforming Our World

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” (2015)

UN Sustainable Development Goals

6


background image

- 186 -

Target 11.4. Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s 

cultural and natural heritage

-> Indicator 11.4.1. Total expenditure per capita spent on the 

preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and 
natural heritage, by type of heritage, level of government, type of 
expenditure and type of private funding

UNESCO Conventions and Programmes

SDG 11.4. Heritage

7

Heritage and Identity

Local community identity formed within local heritage

- Tangible/intangible cultural heritage -> Crisis of gentrification

-> Collapse of community 

e.g. Kaiping Diaolou and Villages (China) 

- MOU with the overseas Chinese owners and involvement of local 

people in conservation activities

e.g. Historic Villages of Korea: Hahoe and Yangdong (Republic of Korea)

- Voluntary movement of local people to encourage the younger

generation's participation and local government’s financial support

8


background image

- 187 -

Heritage and Identity

Research on Heritage within the Community

-> Source of cultural diversity and creativity in local society

e.g. Itaewon (Seoul, Republic of Korea) 

- Muslim community interacting with local people while  

contributing to cultural understanding 

e.g. Seorae Maeul (Seoul, Republic of Korea)

- French community organizing frequent joint events with local

people

9

Heritage and the Economy 

e.g. Dongdaemun Design Plaza 

(Seoul, Republic of Korea)

- Conservation of the historical 

site within the complex
-> Maintaining connections with the 

roots of the city  

Donovan Lypkema,

『The Economics of Historic Preservation』

- Economic components of the impact of heritage 

conservation

1. Jobs and household income from the construction

process

2. Positive impact of heritage designation on 

property values

3. Heritage-based city center revitalization efforts
4. Facilitation of small scale business
5. Heritage tourism

10


background image

- 188 -

Heritage and the Economy 

e.g. Namhansanseong (Republic of Korea)

- World Heritage inscription in 2014
- Research on the economic impact (2014) reports: 

$350 million USD investment for conservation for 20 years

-> $800 million production inducement effect
-> $330 million added value
-> 3,695 jobs created

11

Heritage and the Future

Responsibility of Local Community 

- Starting from research on their own 

heritage

e.g. City of Icheon (UNESCO Creative City

of Crafts and Folk Art since 2010)

- Analysis on the current situation 

and nurturing creative industries 

Importance of ‘Transmitters’

- Formal/informal education on local     

heritage for younger generations

- Involvement of local people through 

festivals and special programmes

e.g. Culture of Jeju Haenyeo (Intangible

Cultural Heritage since 2016)

- Establishment of Haenyeo School

12


background image

- 189 -

THANK YOU-!

(04536) 26 Myeongdong-gil (UNESCO Road), Jung-gu, Seoul, Rep. of Korea         jhkim@unesco.or.kr 


background image

background image

background image

- 192 -


background image

- 193 -

Integrating 

sustainability 

into 

local context
: needs and challenges

SUJEONG LEE
Cultural Heritage Administration

Concept


background image

- 194 -

Sustainable development 

“to ensure that it meets the needs of the present without 

compromising the ability of future generations to meet their 

own needs” (The Brundtland Report , 1987)
Role of Heritage in Sustainable development  

“Emphasising the value and potential of cultural heritage 

wisely used as a resource for sustainable development and 

quality of life in a constantly evolving society” (Faro Convention, 

2005)
Sustainability in Heritage

to sustain value of heritage in order for us to use as a 

resource by managing change to meet the present needs 

without compromising the ability of future generations to 

use it as their resource 

Sustainable development - sustainability in heritage

Sustainability in Evolving concept of Heritage

Per

specti

ve

Material remains
Tangible object

Past-present-future

Tangible, intangible

Inheritance

Public asset

Resource

Improving quality of life

Public resource

Conse

rv

ati

on

Freezing
Protection

Preservation

Repair

Restoration

Rational decision-making

Social Process
value-based

public practice

Managing Change

Sustaining Values

Sustainability

Her

itag

e

Single item : movable, 

immovable(artistic

object, building, 

monument, statue, 

bridge, etc)

Site or Area : ruins, 

fortress, tombs, scenic site, 

etc

Compound : 

Religious(Buddhist, 

confuscian, Taoist, etc)

City, vil ages, or town : 

historic town, ancient 

capital city


background image

- 195 -

International Context


background image

- 196 -


background image

- 197 -

1. Value-based conservation

: identification & interpretation 

2. Rational decision-making

: impact on significance

3. Community involvement

: participation & initiator

Key principles in Sustainability 


background image

- 198 -

Local Context

1. Value-based conservation

: legal frameworks,  research capacity, knowledge

2. Rational decision-making

: procedures for impact vs significance

: human resources

3. Community involvement

: wil ing to participate
: level of understanding heritage value by community

: identification of community

Problems & dilemmas


background image

- 199 -

1. Value-based conservation

: established legal statement & procedures

‘(article 2) The term "cultural heritage" in this Act means artificially or 

naturally formed national, racial, or world heritage of outstanding 

historic, 

artistic, academic, or scenic value, (Cultural Heritage Protection Act)

: lacking principles and philosophy in practice

Korean Case 

Value identification

Value management and 

protection

Value dissemination

research

designation

Conservation

Restoration

Repair, etc

Use & access

Heritage programme

2. Rational decision-making

: clear principle

‘( Article 3)The basic principle for the preservation, management, and 

utilization of cultural heritage is to preserve them in their 

original 

state.’(Cultural Heritage Protection Act)

: mis-interpreting value & significance

Korean Case 

research

designation

Conservation

Restoration

Repair, etc

Use & access

Heritage programme

Value assessment, impact vs need    

Rational decision-making


background image

- 200 -


background image

- 201 -

3. Community involvement

: private right only without public value of 

heritage          requesting less restriction

Korean Case 


background image

- 202 -

Designated area in Historic city (Gongju)

World Heritage & Buffer Zone in Historic city (Gongju)


background image

- 203 -


background image

- 204 -

1. re-examining policy & procedure

: ideal vs practice 

2. Training & education in practive

: government-site managers-architect(conservator)

3. regional discussion

A Way forward

Cultural Heritage Administration

slee70@korea.kr

SUJEONG LEE


background image

- 205 -


background image